Vocabulary notes

water tank посуд (резервуар) для води

this is how ось як

incandescent filament нитка розжарювання

heat exchangers cooling

coils to trap теплообмінювальні прилади охолоджуючі кільця захоплюватиthat is why ось чому

surroundings навколишнє середовище

conversely навпаки

to heat up нагріватися

to cool down охолоджуватися

LEXICAL EXERCISES

I. Read these international words and translate them:

collision, conduction, metal, process, molecule, approximate, refrigerator, radiator, absorb, reflector, energy, electromagnetic, thermos, portion, speed, spectrum, solar, collector, bottle.

II. Translate into Ukrainian these word-combinations:

transfer of energy, collisions between molecules, convection currents of air, by means of electromagnetic waves, ultraviolet rays, gamma rays, electromagnetic spectrum, visible light, heat radiator, infrared portion, X-rays, at the speed of light, the surface of an object, to emit radiant energy, at the room temperature, the rate of emission, cool absorbing surface, solar collector, thermal energy, radiant energy, emitter (absorber) of an energy, white clothing, the inside of thermos bottles, the greater the difference.

TASKS

Define conduction. How does it happen?

What is the difference between conduction and convection?

Define radiation.

What factors affect the radiant energy emitted by an object?

Compare an ideal emitter and an ideal absorber.

Why do we tend to wear dark-coloured clothes in winter and light coloured clothes in summer?

On which side of the house must the solar collector be placed

in Canada; b) in Australia; c) in the Crimea?

Explain, why.

Unit 10

Grammar: 1. The Objective Infinitive Complex

Texts: 1. The USA

2. Vibrations and Waves Earthquakes

Section 1

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

I. Choose the verbs after which the Objective Infinitive complex is used. Define to what lexico-semantic groups they belong. You may supply answers «yes», «по», «I don’t know»:

to hear, to depend, to notice, to fight, to feel, to find, to think, to break, to assume, to consider, to report, to make, to intend, to write, to do, to have, to cut, to know, to suggest, to break, to expect, to observe, to see, to go, to want, to watch, to come, to mean, to remember, to live.

II. Translate these sentences with the Objective Infinitive Complex. Pay attention to the verbs which introduce this complex into the sentences in groups A (fiction style) and В (scientific style). After you have read and translated these sentences, analyse, the verbs of which of the four groups are characteristic for each of the styles : a) verbs denoting physical perception (фізичне сприйняття)', b) verbs denoting mental perception (розумову діяльність); c) verbs denoting will and emotions (бажання, емоції); d) verbs denoting causation (спонукання до дії) All these sentences are taken from original fiction and scientific texts.

A . 1.1 could feel my eyes fill with sudden tears. 2. The police believe it to be the motive for his taking the life. 3. They invited me to join their clubs and their homes and made me feel right at home. 4. He found the entire studio move in harmony. 5. No one had ever heard him talking so seriously and interestedly like this. 6. All knew this to be true. 7. Why does he make so many people die these days? 8. He didn’t believe in people living beyond seventy. 9. She thought him to be a famous singer. 10. She could not admit him to be worth thinking of again. 11. He said something which made her feel that he was familiar with these authors. 12. This incident caused me to look at Miss Church with quickened interest. 13. I went to the kitchen and explained Mary what I wanted her to do. 14. I want you to take a walk with me.

B. 1. It’s probable that bombardment with slow neutrons will cause fission to take place in Uranium 235. 2. Following Fowler we assume N to be dependent on temperature T and time t after irradiation. 3. I’d like to get my cyclotron experiment finished and some sort of conclusion arrived at in time for the big international conference next autumn. 4. Let us assume the product to be equal 10. 5. We expect a variable or a mathematical expression containing a variable to represent a number. 6. They supposed the reaction to be exothermic. 7. We expect the solution to satisfy the given statement. 8. We know this experiment to be followed in many researches on the subject. 9. We know this value to have been derived from the equation. 10. He considers this problem to be very interesting. 11. Scientists suppose magnets and their properties of attraction to have been known for nearly 5,000 years. 12. I know them to have given up the theme because of the lack of data. 13. People cannot expect a complicated problem of using solar energy to be solved in a year or two.

Section 2