Text 4. Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922)

People remember Alexander Graham Bell as the inventor of the telephone. But he accomplished much more during his lifetime. Born in Scotland, in 1870 he emigrated with his parents to Canada, Ontario. Working with the staff at a school for the hearing impairs, Bell was successful in teaching his father’s techniques for helping deaf people to speak. With the assistance of Thomas Watson, Bell succeeded in creating a device that would transmit the human voice electrically.

In 1876, he transmitted his voice over a distance of 90 km. Also to his credit are the development of photophone, a proposal for using an implanted radium capsule to destroy cancerous tissues, and experiments that led to the construction of Canada’s first airoplane.

Bell died in Nova Scotia on August 2, 1922, at the age of 75. One of his former students paid him the following tribute: «Hearing is the deepest, the most humanizing sense which man possesses, and lonely ones all over the world have been brought into the pleasant ways of mankind because of Dr. Bell’s efforts».

Unit 12

Grammar: 1. Subjunctive mood.

2. Use of Conditional Mood, Suppositional mood, Subjunctive I and Subjunctive II.

Texts: 1. London. Places of Interest in London.

2. Geometric Optics: Sources, Transmission and Reflection of Light

Section 1

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

I. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian, paying attention to conditional sentences of the first, second and third types.

1. If he asks me to help him, I shall be very glad to do it. 2. If he were in Lviv now, they would invite him to participate in the conference. 3. If you had come to the meeting yesterday, you would have taken part in the discussion of this question. 4. I f she comes home earlier, she will be able to see this film on TV. 5. If you studied harder, you would be able to pass your exams successfully. 6. If he had taken a taxi, he would have come in time. 7. If it were not so cold, I should go to the country. 8. If the air were composed only of nitrogen, the burning would be impossible. 9. Had I had time yesterday, I should have rung him up. 10. If you press the button, the device will start working.

II. Transform the sentences using Subjunctive II Present in the subordinate clauses.

Pattern: If you help me, I shall do this work in time.

If you helped me, I should do this work in time.

1. If Peter asks me, I shall help him 2. If they arrive on Friday, they will be able to see this exhibition. 3. If she comes tomorrow, I shall tell her about your proposition. 4. If they pass the exams next week, they will go to the seaside together. 4. If the rain stops, the children will go for a walk. 5. If I have money, I shall buy this dress.

III. Refer these sentences to the past.

Pattern: If he studied hard, he would pass the exam successfully.

If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam successfully.

1. If he were more attentive, he wouldn’t make so many mistakes in his test. 2. If he knew English better, he would translate at the conference. 3. If I had the chance to visit London, I would see all the places of interest there. 4. If I received any information about it, I should let you know. 5. If Peter knew their address, he would write them a letter. 6. If I were in Kyiv now, I should see this exhibition.

IV. Paraphrase the following sentences, as in the patterns.

Pattern 1: It’s a pity he is so absent-minded.

I wish he were not so absent-minded.

Pattern 2: Unfortunately, I didn’t tell her about it..

I wish I had told him about it.

1. It’s a pity he is not here. 2. It’s a pity she is ill. 3. It’s a pity they don’t know German. 4. It’s a pity I am very busy now. 5. Unfortunately, she doesn’t know about our arrival. 6. I am sorry I can’t use the computer. 7. Unfortunately, I have no friends. 8. It’s a pity I can’t go to the theatre with you.

1.1 am sorry I didn’t translate this article. 2. It’s a pity I didn’t see this film. 3. Unfortunately, they were not there at that moment. 4. It’s a pity they didn’t invite me to their farewell party. 5.1 am sorry I didn’t let her take my dictionary. 6. It’s a pity they couldn’t get this book. 7. I am sorry I said this.

V. Translate the sentences, in which Suppositional Mood (or

Subjunctive I) is used.

1. It is necessary that they should arrive in time. 2. It was recommended that all should leave the room. 3. It is ordered that you (should) be there at 5 o’clock. 4. It was desirable that they start in the morning. 5. It is suggested that this work be done by Peter.

1. He recommended that I should start learning English from listening to the radio. 2. They insisted that they should come later. 3. She suggested that everybody should go to the park. 4. He demanded that I should show him my bag. 5. The teacher ordered that we start translating the new text without using the dictionary.

Section 2