MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRANE

NATIONAL AVIATION UNIVERSITY

Homework

On subject: Human factor

Theme: MOTIVATION

Performed by: Nitsak Tatiana

Group: FLA-307

Checked by: Orlov O. V.

Kyiv 2014

Content

1. INTRODUCTION

2. DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION

3. NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTIVATION

4. IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF MOTIVATION

5. TYPES OF MOTIVATION

1.6 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

1.7 REQUIREMENTS OF A SOUND MOTIVATION SYSTEM

1.8 METHODS OF MOTIVATING PEOPLE

1.1 Introduction

Motivation is the process of channelling a person's inner drives so that he wants to accomplish the goals of the organization. Motivation concern itself with the will to work. It seeks to know the incentives for work and tries to find out the ways and means whereby their realization can be helped and encouraged. Managers, by definition, are required to work with and through people, so they must gain at least some understanding of the forces that will motivate the people they are to manage. People are complex and they are uniquely different. What motivates one person may not motivate another. Most successful managers have learned to understand the concept of human motivation and are able to use that understanding to achieve higher standards of subordinate work performance.

1.2 Definition of motivation

"Motivation" is a Latin word, meaning "to move". Human motives are internalised goals within individuals. Motivation may be defined as those forces that cause people to behave in certain ways. Motivation encompasses all those pressures and influences that trigger, channel, and sustain human behaviour. Most successful managers have learned to understand the concept of human motivation and are able to use that understanding to achieve higher standards of subordinate work performance.

Motivation has been defined by Michael J Juicus as "the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a desired course of action". In the words of Lewis Allen, "Motivation is the work a manager performs to inspire, encourage and impel people to take required action".

According to Dubin, Motivation is, "The complex of forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organization. To put it generally, motivation starts and maintains an activity along a prescribed line. Motivation is something that moves the person to action, and continuous him in the course of action already initiated".

According to William G Scott, "Motivation means a process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals".

According to Koontz and O'Donnell, "Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, needs, wishes and similar forces".

In the words of Brech, "Motivation is a general inspiration process which gets the members of the team to pull their weight effectively, to give their loyalty to the group, to carry out properly the tasks they have accepted and generally to play an effective part in the job that the group has undertaken".

In the words of Dalton E McFarland, "Motivation refers to the way in which urges, drives, desires, aspirations, striving or needs direct, control or explain the behaviour of human beings".

In the words of Tolman, "The term motivation has been called an intervening variable. Intervening variables are internal and psychological process which are not directly observable and which, in turn, account for behaviour".

The Encyclopaedia of Management observes: "Motivation refers to the degree of readiness of an organism to pursue some designated goal, and implies the determination of the nature and locus of the forces, including the degree of readiness".

In the words of C. B. Mamoria - Motivation is - "a willingness to expend energy to achieve a goal or reward. It is a force that activates dormant energies and sets in motion the action of the people. It is the function that kindles a burning passion for action among the human beings of an organization".

Motivation is a process by which a need or desire is aroused and a psychological force within our mind sets us in motion to fulfil our needs and desire. An unsatisfied need becomes the motive for a person to spend his energy in order to achieve a goal.