16. Особенности подбора персонала в разных культурах. Job adverticements.

Executive positions are not advertised in the same way in different countries.

UK (pays more attention to personality):

• _Considers salary an essential piece of info

• _{Job ads contain not only info about salary, but about other} material incentives (car, fringe benefits)

• _{Such info usually} indicates the importance of the job and responsibility

• _{Managers are selected not for intelligence or knowledge, but for} personal social and leadership skills

• _{beyond degree makes them nervous}

• _{Main personal qualities required} – energy, communication, motivation

• _{The tone of job ads is very} racy (напористый)

France (intellectual):

• _{Vague about salary} and other material incentives, but precise about qualifications

• _{The importance of the job and responsibility is} given by the level of experience and education demanded (so that the salary may be correspondingly assumed)

• _{Usually demand a degree in particular field and sometimes even} a list of institutions (grands ecoles)

• _{Managers are mostly selected for their} general intelligence

• _{Main personal qualities required are intellectual} – analytical aptitude and independence

• _{The tone of job ads is calm and boring, aimed to give info about the job}

Germany (technically minded people):

• difficult to be overqualified

• Usually demand a “degree in”, not simply “degree”

• Managers are mostly selected for their expert knowledge in particular field

• Main personal qualities required – achievement (less personality-driven), sound knowledge, experience, competence in their particular field

The tone of job ads is calm and boring, aimed to give info about the job

17. Способы регулирования торговли. Торговые конфликты. Экономические санкции.

The exchange of goods and services between different countries is referred to as international trade.

Depending on what а country prоduces or needs, It саn either export (send goods to another country) оr import (bring in goods from another country).

Measures of trade regulation

The Protectionist measures raise the price of imported goods so that domestically produced goods will gаin а price advantage, so they protect domestically produced goods)

Protectionist measures control international trade. The most common of them are tarrifs and quotas. Tariff(duties) – tax charged on imported goods.

Quota – is the maximum quantity of а product that mау bе admitted to а country during а certain period of time.

Trade wars between EU and US

• _{US believes the EU trade policy unfairly favors banana} (and other fruits) crops from ex-colonies (Carribbean, Africa) over those owned by firms like Dole. The USA wants EU also accept import from Latin America (EU banned)

• _{US threatened $500 million} “cross-sanctions” against unrelated European exports from almost 20 product categories (WTO banned the sanctions, but US doesn’t care)

• _{producers of cashmere clothing lowed on work (threat of US trade sanctions)}

• _{unemployment increased in Scotland (Hawick) where more than half of Europe}’s cashemere goods produced

Possible solutions:

• _{negotiations (WTO)}

• _compromise