13.Иерархическая структура компании, отделы, их основные функции.

Most companies are made up of three groups of people: the shareholders (who provide the capital), the management and the workforce.

Board of directors -> managing director -> senior management -> middle management.

Board of Directors:

• _{is at the top of the company hierarchy}

• _{headed by the Chairperson or President (elected by the Board and responsible for key policy decisions and the strategy)}

Managing Director or Chief Executive Officer (CEO):

• _{appointed by the BoD}

• _{has overall responsibility for the running of the business}

Senior managers:

• _{head the various department or functions within the company.}

Departments:

Personnel (Human Resources):

• _{manages employee affairs}

• _{finds and screens new employees}, keep employee records and run training, recreation and education programmes,

• _{manages employee benefits (or fringe benefits) such as medical coverage, life insurance, profit sharing plans and pension plans.}

• _{reduce the number of employees}

• _{responsible for personnel, training and management development}

• _{review salaries throughout the organisation}

Information Technology (IT):

• _{play essential role in today}’s changing work environment

• _{ensure that all systems are working properly}

• _{develop new application (computer programmes)}

• _{make it easier to exchange and share information}

• _{gets and transmits timely information about business inside and outside the company}

Purchasing:

• _{filling out (purchase) orders, approving bills from suppliers on vendors and looking for the best deals on minor items}

• _{specializing in basic materials, parts design or business systems}

• _{key buying influence}

Manufacturing/ Production:

• Raw materials and parts receiving

• plant engineering, production, production scheduling,

• quality control or quality assurance and shipping.

• The place where manufacturing takes place is usually called the production line.

Accounting (US) / Accountancy (UK)/ Finance:

• _{keep track of all companies financial dealings}

• _{take care of corporate finance and accounting}

• _{product a report showing how the company is doing (company performance)}

• _{set the company annual budget}

R&D (Research and Development):

• constantly look for new ideas

• experiment with new products

• work on new product development

• involved in development new products or modifying existing products

• meet customer demands

• provide drawing, a part list and assembly instructions

• look for new ideas and develop new techniques

Transportation (Logistics):

• _{manages the movements of raw material and parts into the company and finished products to the customers in domestic and foreign market}

Marketing:

• _{devise strategies}

• _{decide what types of consumers the company wants to reach}

• _{decide in which regions the lates product will be the most successful}

• _{provide forecasts}

Sales:

• _{pursues sales objectives}

• _{make good contacts in the market place and good working relations with the other departments}

• _{work in the field (mostly)}

PR (Public Relations):

• _{communicating with the press on the behalf of the company}

• _{creating and supporting an attractive image of the company of the marketing}