1. New words. Прочитайте новые слова, используйте их при переводе текста.

"the land of differences" – страна (земля) различий

native – местный

waterloving platypus – любящий воду утконос

leaves – листья

nothing more – ничего более

during – в течение

most of them – большинство из них

great danger – большая опасность

for that reason – по той причине

to be represented – быть представленным

coat-of-arms – герб

ostrich – страус

2. Read and translate the text (Прочитайте и переведите текст):

The Strange World of Australian Animals

Australia has been called "the land of differences" and "the continent of contrasts".

Australia has the strange native animals. The strangest of all are the waterloving platypus and the echidna. Australia is also the home of the kangaroos.

The koala is a tree-loving, comical-looking animal, that lives on the leaves of eucalyptus trees. It will eat nothing more. It usually sleeps during the day.

The dingo, or wild dog, is the only killer among the native animals. You can meet dingoes in many parts of Australia, but most of them now live in mountains or hills. In some places they were a very great danger to sheep and many of them were killed for that reason.

The native birds of Australia are very interesting. The emu, for example, which, with the kangaroo, is represented on the Australian coat-of-arms, is the next-tallest bird in the world after the ostrich.

Australian coat-of-arms

Kangaroo Dingo Koala

Lesson 25

Grammar theme: The Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense обозначает действие, которое произошло до какого-то момента в прошлом.

Прошедшее совершенное время образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола had и смыслового глагола в 3 форме (окончание –ed, если глагол правильный и 3 столбик неправильных глаголов).

Чтобы задать вопрос в Past Perfect нужно поставить had перед подлежащим. А чтобы образовать отрицательную форму, нужно поставить отрицание "not" после глагола had:

+ She had written a letter by 5 o'clock on Saturday. |

- She had not written a letter by 5 o'clock on Saturday. |

| ? Had he written a letter by 5 o'clock on Saturday? |

| Yes, he had. No, he had not. (No, he hadn't.) |

Выражения - подсказки

by two o’clock - к двум часам

by noon -к полудню

by Saturday - к субботе

by the 15th of September -к 15 сентября

by then - к этому/тому времени

by that time - к тому времени

by the end of the week- к концу недели

by the end of the year -к концу года

Example:

1. By six o'clock on Sunday I had already learned all the words.

К шести часам в воскресенье я уже выучил все слова.

2. She had left by the 1st of June.

Она уехала (еще) до первого июня.

3. She had written only two letters by noon.

К полудню она написала только 2 письма.

Exercises:

1 Use the Past Perfect Tense.

1. Why didn’t you see Fred when you came to Moscow? (leave) Because I had left Moscow.

2. Why didn’t Kate want to go to the cinema? (see the film) ________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why didn’t you tell him my new address? (forget) ________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why didn’t Jeff hear about Kate’s examination? (pass) ________________________________________________________________________________

5. Why did Fred come so soon from his holiday? (spend all the money) ________________________________________________________________________________

6. Why couldn’t you get into your flat at once? (lose the key) ________________________________________________________________________________

7. What did you learn about Bob? (get married) _________________________________________

2 Make sentences using the words in brackets.

Example: His hair was wet. (He/just/have/a shower). He had just had a shower.

1. There was nobody at the platform. (the train/just/leave).

________________________________________________________________________________

2. We didn’t find anybody at home. (everybody/already/go out).

________________________________________________________________________________

3. The children were playing in the garden. (they/just/come/from school).

________________________________________________________________________________

4. Bob wasn’t at home when I arrived. (he/arrange/to meet/some friends/at the club).

________________________________________________________________________________

5. I couldn’t recognize the child after all that time (I/not/see/her/for seven years)

________________________________________________________________________________