UNIT 6

MUSIC

Exercise 1. Read the information about classical music. Study and memorize the topical vocabulary.

Types of music

Classical music (not classic music), high-brow music is written by a composer, e.g. Bach, Beethoven, Mozart. It is performed by an orchestra, a large group of musicians who play music together, including violins and cellos. There is a conductor, a person at the front who directs the musicians.

Sir Simon Rattle is a chief conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic. Vanessa Mae, a violinist, was playing a violin concerto by Mozart. Pianist Sviatoslav Richter played Beethoven's piano sonatas. Cellist Mstislav Rostropovich played the cello concerto by the English composer, Edward Elgar.

Opera - a play in which the words are sung, e.g. La Boheme by Puccini, Carmen by Bizet. Opera singer Cecilia Bartoli is performing in Rossini’s The Barber of Seville.

There is also a choir – a large group of singers.

Jazz – the most unique American cultural form that developed from a blending of African music with the European, particularly of the French and Spanish, e.g. Duke Ellington, Miles Davis.

Exercise 2. Match English names of musical instruments and musicians with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. piano / pianist	a) віолончель / віолончеліст
2. drums / drummer	b) піаніно / піаніст
3. trumpet / trumpeter	c) скрипка / скрипаль
4. flute / flautist	d) гітара / гітарист
5. cello / cellist	e) саксофон / саксофоніст
6. organ / organ player	f) барабан / барабанщик
7. guitar / guitarist	g) клавішні / клавішник
8. violin / violinist	h) флейта / флейтист
9. saxophone / saxophonist	i) орган / органіст
10. keyboard / keyboard player	g) труба, сурма / сурмач

Exercise 3. Correct the spelling mistakes.

Model: violinister violinist	3. clasical ______________	6. composor _____________
1. conducter ______________	4. conciert ______________	7. performe _____________
2. orchestre _______________	5. celo ______________	8. pianister ______________

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences.

Model: Music by Bach, Brahms or Mozart is classical music.

1. A large group of musicians who perform classical music together is called an______________________.

2. The person who stands in front of them is the __________________________.

3. A person who plays the piano is a __________________________.

4. A person who plays the violin is a __________________________.

5. A person who plays the cello is a __________________________.

6. A person who sings opera is an ____________________ ___________________.

7. A person who writes high-brow music is a __________________________.

8. Carmen is an opera __________________________ Bizet.

9. Last night we went to a classical music __________________________. Placido Domingo was

__________________________ with the London Symphony Orchestra. It was fantastic.

Exercise 5. Match the following English words and expressions with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. tune	а) духовий оркестр
2. folk song	b) мелодія, що легко запам'ятовується
3. reggae music	с) віршований текст пісні
4. brass band	d) мелодія
5. percussion instruments	е) народна пісня
6. jazz band	f) меломан
7. arrangement	g) джазовий оркестр
8. string instruments	h) духові інструменти
9. beat	і) музика реггі
10. lover of music	j) ударні інструменти
11. wind instruments	k) аранжування
12. catchy melody	1) струнні інструменти
13. lyrics	m) ритм

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Sometimes there may be more than one variant.

pop music	reggae	classical music	folk music	jazz saxophone
keyboard	drums	country music	punk music	guitar

1. _______________ is often played by a big orchestra in a concert hall.

2. _______________ is often played by young people with guitars in a group.

3. _______________ is usually played by young people with brightly coloured hair.

4. _______________ comes originally from black American musicians.

5. _______________ usually offers simple tunes which are popular for a short time.

6. _______________ comes from a specific region and is usually popular there for a long time.

7. _______________ has a strong regular rhythm, it is originally from Jamaica.

8. _______________ is popular for dancing in discos.

9. _______________ is often played freely, not following written music.

10. _______________ is usually played on the guitar, banjo and violin.

11. The_______________ is a string instrument while the _______________ belongs to wind instruments and the_______________ to percussion instruments.

12. The piano and organ are_______________ instruments.

Exercise 7. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word. Mind that there may be more than one variant.

Jazz ____________ (1) in the Southern States of North America at the beginning of the 19th century. The Black people of these states, who were originally slaves from Africa, had their own _______________ (2).

Pop music developed from Rock and Roll in America, Britain and Europe in the 1960s and is now ____________ (3) in every country. This name is used for the most commercial _____________ (4) which we can buy on records and hear on pop radio. It is usually________________ (5) by groups who often use electronic_______________ (6) and make video_______________ (7) to go with their records.

Exercise 8. Read and translate the text. But before you read look at the following statements and decide whether you agree or disagree with them.

1. There are few places where you can avoid hearing music.

2. Our taste in music is personal.

3. Music can affect us physically.

4. The only music which affects us positively is that which we like.

5. Music can be used to cure people in hospitals.

6. Certain types of music can be harmful.

TEXT 1

THE POWER OF MUSIC

Nowadays it is almost impossible to escape from music, even if we want to. It thunders out of every shop, hisses horribly through other people's stereos on public transport, lulls you in restaurants, and blasts out of car windows.

But although we all can have music wherever we go, very few of us have any real idea of the effect music has on the human system. For many years it has been thought that musical tastes are subjective - that one person will like jazz while another prefers classical music.

But recent research in America and Australia has shown that appreciation of music is not a matter of individual taste. Certain types of music have a particular effect on us, regardless of whether we like them or not. For instance, some music will help us feel relaxed and peaceful, whereas other types may be stimulating to the brain, encouraging creativity and curiosity. Some music promotes loving feelings while other sounds call for violence.

As a result music is being used in hospitals and doctors have found that 20 minutes of soothing music is often far more effective than tranquilizers or sleeping pills.

Psychologists believe that all music can be divided into three types, and each of them has different effect on the body and mind. The first is low-energy music, the sort that makes you feel bad. Most rock music falls into this category. In fact it has been discovered that rock music makes people feel hate instead of love. The work of some classical composers, such as Debussy, has also been found to have a negative effect.

The next category is high-energy music. This makes you feel better and it can help to normalize the heart rate. J. S. Bach’s music has exceptionally high energy.

The third category is prayerful music. This is the most healing of all. Much of the classical music written before 1600 falls into this category.

It seems that most jazz, country and western music is simply neutral, having neither healing nor harmful effect.

Scientific work on the healing power of music started with plant research in 1970s. Many types of classical music speeded plant growth, whereas heavy metal caused plants to draw away from the speakers and die.

Music can also help us in our daily life. For example, you can prepare yourself for important occasions such as an exam or a job interview by humming an appropriate tune. It can also act as a pain reliever when you go to the dentist, or it can simply give expression to your mood. Listening to music gives you brain a break and helps you get through the day.