1. Answer yes or no

yes Joan grinned from ear to ear when she saw the mark she got her exam. Do you think she passed?

1. ______ The soup smelled delicious, but when Bob tasted it he stuck out his tongue and called the waiter. Do you think Bob finished eating the soup?

2. ______ When Joan's boss told her that she was the new company vice-president, she just stood there with her mouth hanging open. Do you think she expected to get the job?

3. ______ Tom told Laura a joke. When he finished, he laughed and laughed. Laura forced a smile. Do you think Laura thought the joke was funny?

4. ______ Pete and Beth are in class. The professor is speaking, and they are taking notes. The point on Pete's pencil breaks, so he turns to Beth and mouths the words, "Do you have a pencil?" Do you think this disturbed the professor?

1. Read the paragraph and fill in the blanks.

The day of the school spelling championship finally arrived. The five best spellers were on the stage in the auditorium, in front of all the other students. Within an hour, only Steve and Mary were still in the contest. The audience was very quiet. Mary's best friend was in the front row. She waved at Mary and (1) ____________________, "You can do it." The teacher gave Steve the next word. It was pneumoconiosis. Steve was sure that he had spelled it correctly. When the teacher announced that Mary had won, he was so shocked that he (2)___________________Steve was disappointed, but he held his head up, (3)___________________, and congratulated Mary. When the teacher presented the prize of one hundred dollars, Mary (4) ________________ It was the happiest day of her life!

DISCUSSION

1. A smile or grin shows others that we are happy. What are some happy occasions that people celebrate in your country? Describe one of them in detail.

2. You and a classmate write a dialogue that uses some of the gestures and expressions in this unit. Perform it in front of the class.

3. Explain the following expressions.

A smile can go a long way.

Let a smile be your umbrella.

Smile and the world smiles with you;

cry and you cry alone.

1. To whisper means to speak very, very softly. Describe some situations in which whispering is appropriate. Then describe some situations in which mouthing the words is appropriate.

2. Find out what Thailand means in English. Why do you think that country has that name?

3. Are the gestures mentioned here used in the same way in your country? Which ones are used differently? Which one or ones are not used at all?

UNIT 6

THE ARMS AND SHOULDERS

RE READING

If you badly need to get someone's attention, wave your arms. This is more emphatic than raising or waving your hand. Waving your arms can mean "Here I am!" or "Help!"

I’m over here!

There are also other ways to use your arms to show that you need help. Suppose, for example, that you are driving and your car develops engine trouble. After you park your car at the side of the road, get out and move one arm up and down at your side. We use this gesture to flag someone down. It will show others drivers that you would like them to stop and help you.

Police officers often use this gesture at the scene of a traffic accident. Then it means, "Slow down. Be careful." Construction workers who are repairing a road flag drivers down for the same reason. They want traffic to slow down because there is some danger ahead.

People use their arms to show affection or love. When you put your arm around another adult, people will usually think that you like that person in a romantic way. Notice that a man often puts his arm around a woman's shoulder. A woman often puts her arm around a man's waist. Why do you think this is true?

Another common gesture that shows affection is walking arm in arm. In the United States, people usually walk arm in arm only when they are in love or when one of them is helping the other.

The arms are attached to the shoulders. You can use your shoulders to say, "I don't know." To shrug your shoulders, quickly raise and then lower them.

This gesture can also mean "It doesn't matter to me." Suppose, for example, that you are going out to dinner with a friend. Your friend asks you what kind of food you want. If it makes no difference to you (that is, if you don't have a preference), you can shrug your shoulders and say, "I don't care."

Sorry, I don’t know. I don’t live here either.

EX EXERCISES

A. Answer with yes, no, or maybe.

Bob and Joan are walking down the street arm in arm.

yes Do you think they know each other?

maybe Do you think they are married?

1. Bob shrugged his shoulders when his friend asked what time it was.

_____ Do you think he knew the answer?

_____ Do you think his watch his broken?

2. Yesterday morning when she was on her way to work, Irene flagged down another driver.

_____ Do you think she wanted help?

_____ Do you think she had a flat tire?

3. Helen put her arm around Mark's waist while they were shopping together in town.

_____ Do you think Helen was carrying some heavy packages?

_____ Do you think Helen likes Mark?

4. Tim was waiting in the arrival area of a large, busy airport. Suddenly, he began waving his arms.

_____ Do you think Tim was trying to fly?

_____ Do you think Tim saw someone he knew?

5. When Teresa asked Don what color they should paint their house, Don shrugged his shoulders and said, "Whatever color you think best."

_____ Do you think Don has a strong opinion on the subject?

_____ Do you think Don and Teresa are going to paint the house themselves?

B. Answer the questions.

What can people do when they don't care about something?

They can shrug their shoulders.

1. What can people do when they don't know the answer to a question?

______________________

2. What can people do when they want a driver to stop?

____________________

3. What can people do if they want to attract someone's attention in a crowd?

___________________

4. What can people do to say, "It makes no difference to me."?

___________________

5. What can lovers do to show affection? (2 answers)

___________________

DISCUSSION

1. A flag is a piece of cloth, usually with a special design on it. In this unit, flag is used as a verb. Although we don't need a flag to flag someone down, sometimes people do use flags for this purpose. When is this so, and why?

2. Sometimes we put our arm around someone to make the person feel better or to show support. This is appropriate, for example, when someone has received some unhappy news. Can you give a specific example of this?

3. We said that we can show affection by walking arm in arm with someone or by putting our arm around someone. In the United States, it is acceptable to do this in public. Is it acceptable in public in your country? How can people show affection in public in your country?

4. Shrugging the shoulders can show either uncertainty or indifference. Give an example of each.

5. In some places, when you want a taxi or bus to stop, you raise your hand. In other places, you use one of the gestures in this unit. Which one is it? How do you ask a taxi or bus to stop in your country?

6. Are the gestures in this unit used in the same way in your country? If one of them is used to mean something else, explain.

_________________________________________________________UNITS 4-6 REVIEW

to flag someone down to scratch one's head

to force a smile to shake one's head

to grin from ear to ear to shrug one's shoulders

to hang one's head heads up to stand there with one's mouth hanging ope

to hold one's head up to stick one's tongue out

to mouth the words to walk arm in arm

to put one's arm around someone to wave one's arms

EX EXERCISES