1.Primary Concepts:

Object:Houses, two trees( in fact Baucis and Philemon), marbles, fire, goose, etc.

Situation: In a house

Event: Jupiter and Mercury visited many houses but they only see the hospitality in Baucis and Philemon’s house and rewarded them.

Action: Two gods’ pretending to be poor wayfarers, serving the gods, rewarding, dying together.( For “Giving lesson”)

 

2. Secondary Concepts:

State: Reward –give- punishment

Agent: It changes from sentence to sentence; where “two gods” are subject, the married couple is “the agent”; where “the married couple” is the subject, the two gods maybe the “agent”.(This will be studied in detail in “Informativity”) 

Affected entity:The whole human beings; because it gives lessons to the people hearing or reading the myth.

Relations: God-power, wife-husband(love), tree-trunk, oak,linden.  

Attribute: Myth including a story giving lessons

Location: In an ancient Asia “Phrygia”. House, marble.

Time: Ancient Roman.

Motion: The whole things happened.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.3. INTENTIONALITY

            The writer’s intention is mainly providing the readers with the ancient Roman myth by editing it from Ovid’s poem. The intention of the text is basically to give lesson; but the intention changes according to the users’ purposes. For instance, in that book, it is to introduce the students the myths and teaching them the characteristics of it by exemplifying such texts and providing the students with a reading material. For this reason, the question arises before the text:  “Look for the many ways in which Baucis and Philemon make their guests feel welcome. How do the gods show their appreciation?”

            Also the pronunciation of the names of the characters and the vocabulary expected not known are given beforehand.

Looking at the intention in a basis, we had better study it through GRICE’S four maxims:

        Quantity: The text is as informative as desired; there is no trivial knowledge. Almost all serves the aim.

        Quality: Giving its sources as “Ovid” and footnotes for commonly unknown names, it proves its truthfullness.

        Relation: The terms used, ongoing speech between the characters, the sequence of the events are all related to each other.

        Manner: The statements made by the writer and her reflection on the characters’ speeches are brief; there is no ambiguity. To give an example:

“Ask whatever you want and you shall have your wish”; the message is clear, brief, far from being ambiguous in the  conversation.

 

Conventional Implicatures:

 

* ...there were once...: Conventional beginning for an ancient story.

* ...“we have a goose”...: Implication of the caharcter that they have something for them to serve.

*...they had time only to cry...: the writer’s implicature is that “they had little time; it was only for crying; nothing else”

*...From far and wide people came to admire the wonder...: Conventional ending of a story.

 

 

2.4. ACCEPTIBILITY

The writer’s intention is accepted by the reader by means of the schemas the readers have for such a text type and their stored world knowledge about the things told so far. If there is no such frames for this text type, then it should be made clear for the reader to provide acceptibility.

When it comes to speculating upon the text, as far as we understand from conversations, they are accepted . To exemplify:

* “We are poor folk”...”But poverty isn’t so bad when you are willing to own up to it...”(53-4)

Here the producer of the sentence firstly states something and then explains it without giving way for the receivers to reject it or comment it. She makes her explanation to be accepted by the receivers by making herself clear.

As the number of conversations are restricted in the text, it is difficult to exemplify it via conversations; however the structure of the text, which has nothing wrong with the communication, proves that the writer’s explanations and narration is so successful that we don’t see any gap between these conversations; they are enough for us to understand what is going on.  

 

2.5. INFORMATIVITY

Text type: Literary text

Subtype: Narrative(Myth)

Topic: Lessons in Living

The Orders of Informativity:

First Order Informativity: Grammar rules. They are clear and there is no need to specify in a text to make it informative. They are easy to spot as it is done here in “Cohesion” section.

Second Order Informativity: It is the surface structure in the text which enables us to understand the text meaningfully.

Third Order Informativity: They are generally unknown for some receivers; so it should be made explicit through footnotes, some explanations, etc. not to prevent the understanding of the receivers. If it is done so, the order of the text is downgraded. In the text:

            “Sometimes when Jupiter was tired of eating ambrosia and drinking nectar up in Olympus and even a little weary of listening to Apollo’ s lyre and watching the Graces dance... “ (lines10-4)

            Here, “Graces” will be unknown for most of the readers and in case of lack of knowledge about it, the understanding of the text will be cut in. In order to prevent this, the writer here gives footnote explaining what Graces mean- three sister goddesses who were associated with pleasure, charm, and beauty. In that case the third order of informativity becomes second order by being downgraded through this explanation, which prevents discontinuity in the text.

Agents:

*...Not one would admit them(30)

One of the                   Jupiter and Mercury(AGENT)

Phygia people

*...All treated them in the same way...(33)

* A kindly- faced old man and woman welcomed them(42-3)

* The old man ...told them(47-8)

*She told the strangers(50)

*Presently he brought them(75)

*...they begged their guests(92)

*While Jupiter and Mercury watched them(99-100)

* They then escorted the two...told them...(110) 

 

Definiteness:

*...two trees...the other (4): One of the trees; not any trees seen.

*...the gods...(7): Jupiter and Mercury

*...the Graces...: mentioned in the footnote

*...the most entertainig of all the gods, the shrewdest...(17): described one. 

*....the people of Phyrigia...(21): people living there

*...The two gods...(26): Jupiter and Mercury

*...the land(28): Phrygia

*...the old man...(46):Philemon

*...the old woman...(48): Baucis

*...the strangers...(50): Jupiter and Mercury

*...the kettle...(63): mentioned before as “a little kettle”

*..the old man...(72): Philemon

*...the supper...(80): the supper that they will be eating

*...The old people...(125): the couple

*...The gods...(131): Jupiter and Mercury

*...the story...(133): We all know which story the writer mentions.

*...the marble(136): mentioned before, “the” is used

*...the wonder...(148):the story is known to a reader; the reader knows what the wonder is.