13.Explain the difference in translation of gerunds and participles:

А . 1. Changing the resistance of the circuit, one may control current flow.

2. Changing the resistance of a circuit is one of the methods of control­ling the flow of current in the circuit.

3. The electric current passing through a wire heats that wire.

4. The electric current passing through a wire, the heat developed will depend upon the amount of current.

5. Adding heat to a boiling liquid we make it change its state without changing its temperature.

6. By adding heat to a boiling liquid we make it change its state without changing its temperature.

В. 1. A liquid being heated to the boiling point, its temperature can be raised no higher.

2. The process of transmitting energy from one body to another without doing work is called heat exchange.

3. Mechanical energy is a specific physical quantity characterizing the capacity of bodies for doing useful work.

4. They knew about our having done this work.

5. The characteristic feature of the analytic geometry is applying algebra in the study of geometry.

6. On being heated, magnetized steel will lose its magnetism because heating makes the molecules move around rapidly and expands the metal.

14.Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the gerund:

1.We know of the current strength depending on the resistance of the circuit.

2.After their having been compressed gases will return to the original vol­ume.

3.Plasma differs greatly from ordinary gases because of its being com­posed of charged particles.

4.They objected to your results being published before all the experiments were completed.

5.Their having obtained good results at such a temperature caused a great surprise.

6.We know of work and energy being closely related.

7.Mankind is interested in atomic energy being used for peaceful pur­poses.

8. The ammeter being used to measure the current flowing in an electric circuit is well known to each engineer.

15.Explain the difference in translation of –ing forms:

1. Studying applied mechanics students acquire considerable knowledge of the fundamentals of mechanics. Studying applied mechanics is nec­essary for future engineers.

2. Adding heat to a substance does not always cause the rise of its tem­perature. Adding heat to a substance one does not always cause the rise of its temperature.

3. Lifting this heavy weight is impossible without necessary appliances. Lifting this heavy weight one performs work.

16.. Find the sentences with the gerund:

1. Using renewable resources can significantly reduce the amount of air pollution.

2. Using the measuring device he was careless.

3. Seeing is believing.

4. How can you cheat people believing you?

5. The value of his having discovered alternative sources of energy is not completely realized yet.

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6.Having been discovered in 1839 the photovoltaic is widely used nowadays.

7.The energy crisis is threatening us today.

8.Carrying out the investigations he came to the disappointing results.

9.I don't mind your reading science magazines in the reading room.

10.The world community knows him being an outstanding specialist in this field.

11.You can't rely on the information without testing it first.

12.The main ecological problems are being discussed by the authorities of any country