- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practice work
- •Glossary
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme «The subject, purposes and methods of pathological physiology”.
- •Case study
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •Questions 1. What factors affect the mouse in this experiment?
- •2. Which of these factors could be considered the leading cause of the pathologic process - hypobaric hypoxia?
- •3. How can you experimentally check your presumptions about the nature of the pathologic process?
- •Pathogenesis of High altitude disease
- •Vicious circle in pathogenesis of High altitute disease
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme «General etiology and pathogenesis. Effects of low barometric pressure on an organism”
- •Case Study Case 1. A group of tourists came under heavy rain. A day later, one of them developed pneumonia. Questions:
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Glossary:
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme «The role of reactivity of an organism in pathology”
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •Explain the pathogenesis of hemolysis in tubes №№ 2-5 and the absence of hemolysis in tube number 1. Glossary
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Cell injury”
- •Case Study
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •I nfection, ischemia, traumas, tumors, burns, immune pathological processes, etc.
- •The significance of acute phase reactions for organism
- •Glossary
- •Types of fever on the basis of the extent of temperature elevation:
- •Types of fever on the basis of temperature fluctuation:
- •- Remittent (fluctuation 1-20c) (viral and bacterial infections, exudative pleuritis)
- •Control -test Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “systemic organism’s response to damage. Fever”
- •Case Study
- •Control – conclusions on the cases
- •The approximate timing of class
- •Practical work of students
- •Glossary
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism”
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Vasoconstriction Vasodilation of brain vessels High irritability of n. Vagus
- •Non respiratory (metabolic) alkalosis
- •Compensatory mechanisms at abb disorders
- •Glossary
- •Nongaseous acidosis (metabolic, exogenous, excretory) develops when there is accumulation of acidic products (metabolic disorders, acid intake from outside, diarrhea)
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Acid-base disorders”
- •The approximate timing of classes
- •Practical work of students
- •Glossary
- •Control -test Office hours (2) Midterm control 1
- •The approximate timing of class
- •Practical work of students
- •Глоссарий
- •Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism”
- •The approximate timing of class
- •Case-study case 1
- •Control -test Office hours (2) Formation of practical skills on the theme “Disorders of protein and lipid metabolism”
Control -test Office hours (2) Midterm control 1
Stage 1. Test control Stage 2. Pathophysiologic analysis of clinical and laboratory data (clinical cases are presented above)
9. THEME: |
«Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism »
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The purposes of the class:
Formation of knowledge of the main issues of the theme
Formation of skills of analysis of experimental data and creation of pathogenetic schemes
Formation of communicative skills for discussion of the problem
Tasks of study: • To learn the main issues of the theme • To develop the skills to use the glossary in three languages for discussion theoretical material • To Learn how to make pathogenetic schemes • To apply the theoretical knowledge in solving clinical cases
• To form communicative skills for discussion the theoretical material Questions for the theme
Disorders of glycogen synthesis and disintegration. Concept about glycogenoses.
Disorders of intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates (hyperlactatacidemia, hyperpiruvatacidemia), pathogenesis.
Hypoglycemia, the causes. Pathogenesis of hypoglycemic coma.
Hyperglycemia, types, mechanisms of development.
Pancreatic and nonpancreatic insulin insufficiency, mechanisms of development. Concept about type I diabetes and type II diabetes.
Metabolism disorders at diabetes mellitus.
Pathogenesis of the symptoms of diabetic syndrome, pathogenesis of diabetic coma.
Complications of diabetes mellitus. Pathogenesis of micro-and macroangiopathy. Pathogenesis of micro-and macroangiopathy
Methods of teaching
Discussion the major issues under the supervision of a teacher, discussion of videos and results of the experiment.
Methods of control
Oral questioning, checking conclusions on experiment, pathogenetic schemes, testing
The approximate timing of class
№ |
Steps of the class |
Time (min) |
1 |
Organizational part. Roll Call, reading the goals and objectives of the class, distribution of demonstration material |
5 |
2 |
Discussion the questions 1-4, task № 1-2 |
45 |
3 |
Break |
10 |
4 |
Discussion the questions 5-8 |
35 |
5 |
Test |
10 |
6 |
Summarizing the classroom work, assessment of competencies |
5 |
Practical work of students
Task № 1. |
Receive a model of hypoglycemic coma at mice, to observe its development. |
Technique. Take three mice. Inject 1-2 units of simple insulin to two of them, place mice into a balloon. Place the control mouse in a balloon. Both balloons place in a warm place. Approximately in 40 minutes experimental mice have symptoms of hypoglycemic coma (unusual pose, frequent respiration, disorders of movement coordination).
Then inject 1,0 – 1,5 ml of 10 % solution of glucose to one of experimental mice intra-peritonealy, continue supervision, comparing the behavior of the two experimental animals. Explain the difference, conclude.
The task № 2. |
Make the table of carbohydrate metabolism hormonal control Stimulating effect note (+), inhibiting effect (-), absence of effect note (0). |
Hormones |
Glycogeno-lysis |
Glycogenesis |
Glyconeoge-nesis |
Glycemia |
additional effects |
Insulin |
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Glucagon |
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Adrenaline |
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Glucocorticoids |
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ACTH |
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STH |
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Thyroxin |
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