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1. Read the following international words and give their Russian equivalents.

vertical, horizontal, diagonal, abrasive, element, ceramic, diаmeter, mass.

2. Suggest the English for: machine-tools

Machine-tools are used to shape metals and other materials. The material to be shaped is called the workpiece. Most machine-tools are now electrically driven. Machine-tools with electrical drive are faster and more accurate than hand tools: they were an important element in the development of mass-production processes, as they allowed individual parts to be made in large numbers so as to be interchangeably.

All machine-tools have facilities for holding both the workpiece and the tool, and for accurately controlling the movement of the cutting tool relatively to the workpiece. Most machining operations generate large amounts of heat, and cooling fluids (usually a mixture of water and oils) must be used for cooling and lubrication. Machine-tools usually work materials mechanically but other machining methods have been developed lately. They include chemical machining, spark erosion to machine very hard materials to any shape by means of a continuous high-voltage spark (discharge) between an electrode and a workpiece. Other machining methods include drilling using ultrasound, and cutting by means of a laser beam. Numerical control of machine-tools and flexible manufacturing systems have made it possible for complete systems of machine-tools to be used flexibly for the manufacture of a range of products.

Vocabulary notes:

machine-tools – станки

electrically driven – с электроприводом

fluidжидкость

spark erosionэлектроискровая обработка

by means of – посредством

beam – луч

drilling – сверление

workpieceобрабатываемая деталь, изделие

facility – приспособление

to allow – позволять, разрешать

relative – относительно

to lubricate – смазывать

fasten – прикреплять, привязывать, застегивать

(to) screw – винт, привинчивать

thread – нить, резьба, нарезка

discharge – электр. разряд

(to) feed (fed, fed) – подавать, подача

lathe – токарный станок

range – ассортимент, диапазон

flexible – гибкий, эластичный

sharpострый

friction – трение в %

outside – наружный, внешний, снаружи

inside внутри, внутренний

to remove – удалять, перемещать

to mount – крепить, закреплять

to require – нуждаться, требовать

to enableдавать возможность, позволять

tolerance – допуск

wheel – колесо, круг

3. Match the right column with the left:

1. facility А. винт

2. feed Б. внутри

3. flexible В. гибкий

4. friction Г. диапазон

5. inside Д. допуск

6. outside Е. закреплять

7. range Ж. колесо

8. screw З. обрабатываемая деталь

9. sharp И. острый

10. thread К. подача

11. to allow Л. позволять

12. to lubricate М. приспособление

13. to mount Н. резьба

14. to remove О. смазывать

15. to require П. снаружи

16. tolerance Р. требовать

17. wheel С. трение

18. workpiece Т. удалять

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