- •Vocabulary
- •Give English equivalents.
- •2. Ask questions according to the models.
- •3. Supply prepositions.
- •4. Complete the sentences. Choose the right word from the list. There are more words than necessary!
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. TranslateintoEnglish.
- •7. Write a dictation.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Choose the proper verb form.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. GiveEnglishequivalents:
- •2. Complete the sentences:
- •3. Give English equivalents to the words in brackets:
- •4.Self-assessment questions:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •1. Translate the word combinations into Russian and use them in your own sentences.
- •2. Choose the proper verb form, active or passive.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. TranslateintoEnglish.
- •2. Supply the proper preposition.
- •Vocabulary
- •Give English equivalents:
- •Answer the questions according to the models:
- •Match the type of the boiler with its principle of classification:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •5.Translate into English:
- •1. Find the corresponding English translation in the text and memorize the words.
- •2. Put questions to the sentences.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Give answers to the questions:
- •2. Translate into English:
- •Vocabulary
- •1.Give English equivalents:
- •2. Ask questions according to the model:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •5. Translate into English.
- •2. Translate the word combinations and use them in your own sentences.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Supply prepositions.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. GiveEnglishequivalents:
- •2.Change these sentences using the modal verbs may, can, must:
- •3. Change these sentences into the passive:
- •4. Supply prepositions:
- •5. Answer the questions:
- •6. TranslateintoEnglish:
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Change these sentences using the modal verbs may, can, must:
- •2. Change these sentences into the passive:
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Give English equivalents.
- •2. Supply prepositions.
- •3.Self-assessment questions.
- •4. Translate the words into Russian.
- •5. Choose the proper verb and put it into the correct form. There are more verbs than necessary.
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Unit VI. The superheater
- •Vocabulary
- •1. GiveEnglishequivalents:
- •Saturation, inlet, tubes, outlet, drums, safety valve, uptake, headers
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •Vocabulary
- •1. GiveEnglishequivalents:
- •2. Insert prepositions and conjunctions:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •4. Translate the phrases containing comparatives and superlatives:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •1. Find English equivalents in the text.
- •2. Write down all the imperative phrases typical for this instruction.
- •3. Put questions to the sentences.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Combine these pairs of sentences by using “if”.
- •2. TranslateintoEnglish.
- •Irregularities in operation, causes and remedies
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Replace the imperative sentences (remedy) by the following structures:
- •2. Translate these phrases into Russian:
1. Translate the word combinations into Russian and use them in your own sentences.
Propulsion boilers, location of fire and water spaces, gases of combustion, water circulation, natural circulation boilers, forced circulation boilers, ascending mixture, descending body, natural differences in density.
2. Choose the proper verb form, active or passive.
1. Boiler design may /vary; varied; to vary/ considerably.
2. Propulsion boilers /proved; provides; are provided/ steam for ship’s propulsion.
3. Auxiliary boilers /supplies; supplying; supply/ steam and hot water for galley and heating.
4. The gases /passes; to pass; pass / through the tubes in the fire-tube boilers.
5. The metal surfaces of the tubes /are heated; are heat; heat/ by the gases.
6. Water-tube boilers may /be classed; are classed; classed/ as natural circulation boilers or forced circulation ones according to the method of water circulation.
TEXT C
Exhaust Gas Boilers
Exhaust gas boilers use the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine for the generation of steam. These consist of some form of an exhaust gas heat exchanger mounted in the main engine uptake.
Exhaust gas boilers produce steam by using the heat of the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines, thus saving thermal energy that otherwise would get lost.
The exhaust gases, by passing through the tube banks, give up heat and afterwards are sent to the funnel at lower temperatures.
Where it is necessary, the exhaust gas boiler can be equipped with an economizer and with a superheater: the first one is fitted to preheat feed water, thus increasing heat recovery; the second one is used when superheated steam is required.
The exhaust gases of diesel engines still contain thermal energy that is superior to 30% of the total heating value of the fuel.
The temperatures of the exhaust gases vary from 270°C to 320°C for slow two- stroke engines, and from 350°C to 480°C for medium speed four-stroke engines. Therefore it seems extremely necessary and important to recover this residual energy by using exhaust gas boilers that have been developed especially for the continuous and heavy service on motorships.
Vocabulary
exhaust gas boilerутилизационныйкотел
consist (of), v состоять (из)
exhaustgasheatexchanger утилизационный теплообменник
mount, v устанавливать; монтировать
uptake, n дымоход
thus, adv таким образом
save, v сохранять
otherwise, adv в противном случае, иначе
heatrecovery утилизация тепла
vary, v изменяться
therefore, advпоэтому
E X E R C I S E S
1. TranslateintoEnglish.
Двигатель внутреннего сгорания, теплообменник, таким образом, терять, пучок труб, отдавать тепло, оснащать, питательная вода, требовать, все еще, свыше, теплотворность, варьироваться, градусов Цельсия, тихоходный (низкооборотный) двухтактный двигатель, среднеоборотный четырехтактный двигатель, разрабатывать, тяжелые условия эксплуатации, теплоход.