- •Vocabulary
- •Give English equivalents.
- •2. Ask questions according to the models.
- •3. Supply prepositions.
- •4. Complete the sentences. Choose the right word from the list. There are more words than necessary!
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. TranslateintoEnglish.
- •7. Write a dictation.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Choose the proper verb form.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. GiveEnglishequivalents:
- •2. Complete the sentences:
- •3. Give English equivalents to the words in brackets:
- •4.Self-assessment questions:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •1. Translate the word combinations into Russian and use them in your own sentences.
- •2. Choose the proper verb form, active or passive.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. TranslateintoEnglish.
- •2. Supply the proper preposition.
- •Vocabulary
- •Give English equivalents:
- •Answer the questions according to the models:
- •Match the type of the boiler with its principle of classification:
- •Self-assessment questions:
- •5.Translate into English:
- •1. Find the corresponding English translation in the text and memorize the words.
- •2. Put questions to the sentences.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Give answers to the questions:
- •2. Translate into English:
- •Vocabulary
- •1.Give English equivalents:
- •2. Ask questions according to the model:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •5. Translate into English.
- •2. Translate the word combinations and use them in your own sentences.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Supply prepositions.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. GiveEnglishequivalents:
- •2.Change these sentences using the modal verbs may, can, must:
- •3. Change these sentences into the passive:
- •4. Supply prepositions:
- •5. Answer the questions:
- •6. TranslateintoEnglish:
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Change these sentences using the modal verbs may, can, must:
- •2. Change these sentences into the passive:
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Give English equivalents.
- •2. Supply prepositions.
- •3.Self-assessment questions.
- •4. Translate the words into Russian.
- •5. Choose the proper verb and put it into the correct form. There are more verbs than necessary.
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Unit VI. The superheater
- •Vocabulary
- •1. GiveEnglishequivalents:
- •Saturation, inlet, tubes, outlet, drums, safety valve, uptake, headers
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •Vocabulary
- •1. GiveEnglishequivalents:
- •2. Insert prepositions and conjunctions:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •4. Translate the phrases containing comparatives and superlatives:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •1. Find English equivalents in the text.
- •2. Write down all the imperative phrases typical for this instruction.
- •3. Put questions to the sentences.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Combine these pairs of sentences by using “if”.
- •2. TranslateintoEnglish.
- •Irregularities in operation, causes and remedies
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Replace the imperative sentences (remedy) by the following structures:
- •2. Translate these phrases into Russian:
6. Translate into English:
Топка должна обеспечить устойчивое горение топлива.
Стенки топки футерованы слоем огнеупора и покрыты слоем изоляции.
Для эффективного сгорания топлива необходим определенный комплекс условий.
В топке необходимо поддерживать высокую температуру, постоянно подавать в нее воздух и удалять продукты горения.
Топливо следует подогревать для уменьшения его вязкости.
Основное преимущество паромеханических форсунок состоит в высоком качестве распыления и широком диапазоне регулирования подачи.
TEXT B
Unit VI. The superheater
The efficiency of the steam power plant is influenced by the steam conditions, i.e. pressure and temperature. That is why the superheater is an essential part of the modern marine boiler.
Steam is superheated by being heated above the temperature of saturation. Superheaters may be divided into several types:
the convection type installed in one of the gas passages of the boiler;
the radiant type installed in the boiler furnace;
the multi-loop type placed remote from the furnace in the lower part of the uptake.
The convection type superheater usually consists of two headers into which seamless steel tubes are rolled. The tubes are connected to the steam inlet header and to the superheater outlet header. Steam from the boiler circulates through these tubes. Superheater tubes range from 1 to 2 in. in diameter; the temperature rarely exceeds 550C, as the tensile strength of most metals decreases rapidly after passing 350C.
With increased evaporation rates and higher superheat temperatures, many modern boilers use multi-loop type superheaters. These superheaters consist of a number of multi-loop tube elements. The steam enters all the tubes together, but makes several passes across the gas stream through each element.
The boiler drums are designed for a certain maximum operating pressure. When the steam pressure gets above the safe minimum, the safety valve should open and steam discharged. So all superheaters must have one or more safety valves.
Vocabulary
superheater, n пароперегреватель
efficiency, n производительность; КПД
steam conditions параметрыпара
saturation, n насыщение
convection type superheaterконвективныйтиппароперегревателя
radiant type superheaterрадиационныйтиппароперегревателя
multi-loop type superheaterзмеевиковыйтиппароперегревателя
remoteотдельно
uptake, n дымоход
seamless, adjбесшовный
roll, v вальцевать; прокатывать
inletheader входной коллектор
outletheader выходной (выпускной) коллектор
range, v колебаться в пределах
inch (in.), nдюйм
exceed, v превышать
tensilestrength предел прочности
decrease, v уменьшать
evaporationrate скорость или интенсивность испарения;
паропроизводительность
gasstream поток газа
EXERCISES