- •Systems of the body and their disease Human body and his structure
- •Тема 28. Людське тіло та його структура.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Translate and memorize the following words and phrases:
- •3. Complete the sentences using one of the following medical terms. The first one has been done for you as an example.
- •4. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •5. Find substitutes for the following word combinations. Then use sentences of your own.
- •II. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. Work with a partner to label each statement true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it so that it is true.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. What do the following refer to in the text?
- •5. Word hunt
- •6. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •2. Body parts - categories
- •3. Word association: missing links
- •Reproductive system
- •5. Anagrams
- •6. Word Search
- •7. Try the puzzle!
- •V. Creative Tasks
- •1. Label the main parts of the human body.
- •2. Human Body Creative Writing
- •VI. Just For Fun
- •1. Read each riddle and fill in the blank with the correct part of your body that rhymes.
- •2. Try to guess what it is!
- •Cell and its functions. Structure of the cell.
- •Тема 29. Клітина та її функції. Будова клітини.
- •I. Speaking:
- •1. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Look at Fig. 3-1.
- •3. Read the text and translate it.
- •8. Give definitions of the words.
- •9. Answer the following questions.
- •Tissue and their classification. Organs and organ systems
- •Тема 30. Тканини та їх класифікація. Органи та системи органів.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Translate and memorize the following words and phrases:
- •3. Complete the sentences using one of the following medical terms. The first one has been done for you as an example.
- •4. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •5. Find substitutes for the following word combinations. Then use them in the sentences of your own.
- •II. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. Work with a partner to label each statement true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it so that it is true.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •5. Word hunt
- •6. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •III. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Translate and memorize the following words and phrases:
- •3. Complete the sentences using one of the following medical terms. The first one has been done for you as an example.
- •4. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •5. Find substitutes for the following word combinations, the sentences of your own.
- •IV. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •V. Comprehension check
- •1. Circle the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. Take turns reading the correct sentences aloud with a partner.
- •2. Work with a partner to label each statement true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it so that it is true.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. What do the following refer to in the text?
- •5. Word hunt
- •6. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Reproduce in your own words:
- •Benign tumor. Cancer
- •Тема 31. Доброякісні пухлини. Рак.
- •I. Active vocabulary
- •II. Lead in work with the vocabulary types of tumours
- •Hepatocellular adenoma
- •Hemangioma
- •Focal nodular hyperplasia
- •III. Work with the text. Read and translate the text cancer
- •Progress in cancer treatment
- •IV. Language development
- •1) Answer the following questions:
- •2) Match the following English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones:
- •3) Answer the following questions:
- •Integumentary system: skin and its derivatives
- •Тема 32. Покривна система: шкіра та її похідні. Хвороби шкіри. Догляд за шкірою.
- •I. Speaking:
- •1. Read and learn the following words, remember their Latin/Greek equivalents.
- •2. Read the text and translate it.
- •III. Independent Work:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Write out sentences with the infinitive or its complexes. State their forms.
- •3. Translate into Ukrainian, pay attention to the infinitive complexes.
- •5. Translate into English using infinitive complexes.
- •Muscular system
- •Тема 33. М'язова система. М'язи та їх характеристика. Захворювання м'язової системи.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. The following words are lacking vowels. Write in the vowels, translate the words into Ukrainian and practise saying them. The first word has been found for you as an example.
- •3. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •3. Study the table and quiz yourself by guessing what should be in each of the blank rectangles below. Choose the correct word or word combination to fill in the gaps:
- •II. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. True or false statements. Make true with "t", false with "f". Correct the false statements.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •3. What do the following numbers refer to?
- •4. Match a word to the following definition.
- •5. Word hunt
- •6. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •2. Fill in all the gaps using the appropriate words from the text:
- •3. Muscular System Word Chop
- •4. Word Search
- •5. Anagrams
- •Human skeleton
- •Тема 34. Кісткова система: скелет, кістки, суглоби та їх хвороби.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Read and memorize some interesting facts about the human skeleton.
- •3. Match the following English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones:
- •4. Find substitutes for the following terms:
- •II. Reading
- •1. Read the text.
- •2. Read and translate the following text. Get ready to speak on the structure of the human skeleton using the pictures and anatomic terms.
- •III. Post-reading activities
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Fill in the blanks with the words given under the line.
- •3. Group the words according to the skeleton parts.
- •4. Put proper numerals in the blanks.
- •5. Read and memorize the English idioms containing some topical words. Make your own sentences with the idioms.
- •IV. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Which word is the odd one out? Explain your choice. The first one has been done for you as an example:
- •3. Match the real bone names on the left with the common bone names on the right. The first one has been done for you as an example:
- •4. Study the table and quiz yourself by guessing what should be in each of the blank rectangles below. Choose the correct word or word combination to fill in the gaps.
- •V. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. True or false statements. Make true with "t", false with "f". Correct the false statements.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. What do the following numbers refer to?
- •5. Match a word in the text to the following definition.
- •6. Word hunt
- •7. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. The following words are lacking vowels. Write in the vowels, translate the words into Ukrainian and practise saying them. The first word has been found for you as an example.
- •3. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •4. Study the table and quiz yourself by guessing what should be in each of the blank rectangles below. Choose the correct word or word combination to Jill in the gaps:
- •IX. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. True or false statements. Make true with "t", false with "f". Correct the false statements.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. What do the following numbers refer to?
- •5. Match a word in the text to the following definition.
- •6. Word hunt
- •7. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •6. Divide the text into logical parts and make up an outline of the text.
- •7. Speak on the text according to your plan.
- •Illnesses of the bone system
- •Тема 35. Хвороби кісткової системи. Викривлення хребта.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •2. Learn some terms describing the pathological conditions of the skeletal system.
- •3. Read the text. Be ready to answer the questions after reading.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words given below:
- •Podiatry
- •Diskinaesthesis
- •Dysmelia
- •7. Read and get ready to narrate the additional information:
- •8. Read the definitions and fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Build medical terms:
- •9. Build medical terms. Choose them from the list below:
- •Cardiovascular system
- •Тема 36. Серцево-судинна система. Склад крові, серце, судини.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Match the following English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones:
- •3. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •4. Read and memorize some interesting facts.
- •II. Reading
- •III. Post-reading activities
- •1. Check how well you understand the text by answering the following questions.
- •2. Continue the following sentences.
- •3. Match the anatomical terms and their definitions.
- •4. Read and translate the following proverb. What is it about? Do you agree with the saying? Discuss it in groups.
- •IV. Speaking
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Say whether the following sentences are true or false.
- •6. Fill in the table and compare your findings with your partner's.
- •7. Read and memorize the English idioms containing the word blood.
- •Diseases of Cardiovascular system
- •Тема 37. Хвороби серцево-судинної системи.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Translate and memorize the following words and phrases:
- •3. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •4. Find substitutes for the following definitions. Then use them in the sentences of your own.
- •II. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. Work with a partner to label each statement true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it so that it is true.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. Word hunt
- •5. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •2. Complete the Sentence. Use the words in the list below to complete the sentence:
- •3. Anagrams
- •4. Atherosclerosis and Heart Attack Word Chop
- •5. Word Search
- •6. Try the puzzle!
- •V. Creative Tasks
- •Respiratory system
- •Тема 38. Дихальна система: будова та функції.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Read and memorize some interesting facts:
- •II. Reading
- •II. Post - reading activities
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Fill in the blanks.
- •3. Enumerate the main stages of the breathing process.
- •4. Match the anatomical terms and their definitions.
- •5. Read and discuss the information obtained.
- •6. Solve the anatomical crossword puzzle. Across
- •III. Speaking
- •IV. Supplement
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Write out the key sentences of the text. Be ready to speak about the
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
- •Text 2
- •1. Read, translate and discuss the text.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Say whether the sentences are true or false.
- •4. Read and translate the following proverb.
- •Digestive system
- •Тема 39. Система травлення. Будова травного каналу. Печінка. Підшлункова залоза.
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Learn some more terms denoting digestive system elements.
- •3. Read and memorize some interesting facts.
- •4. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •III. Post – reading activities
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Put the sentences in the right order.
- •3. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •4. Study some terms denoting digestive system disorders, but first match the terms and their definitions.
- •5. Write a short summary of the text.
- •IV. Speaking
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •Text 2
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Say whether the sentences are true or false.
- •Nervous system
- •Тема 40. Нервова система: роль, структура, імпульс, синапси, рефлекс, типи нервів. Спинний мозок. Головний мозок.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Read and memorize some interesting facts about the brain.
- •3. Read and memorize the English idioms containing the word brain. Make your own sentences with the idioms.
- •4. Match the following English word combinations and the Ukrainian ones:
- •II. Reading
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Say whether the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Write out of the text all anatomical terms with definitions.
- •4. Complete the diagram.
- •5. Solve the anatomical crossword puzzle.
- •IV. Speaking
- •V. Supplement Text I
- •1. Read the information about some pathological conditions of the nervous system. Be ready to answer the questions after the text.
- •Nervous system disorders
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Fill in the blanks.
- •Endocrine system
- •Тема 41. Ендокринна система. Ендокринні та екзокринні залози.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Match the following English word combinations and the Ukrainian ones.
- •3. Analyze the structure of the following terms. Memorize the meaning of the term elements from the first column.
- •II. Reading
- •III. Post-reading activities
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Fill in the table consulting the text.
- •3. Say whether the following sentences are true or false.
- •4. Solve the anatomical crossword puzzle.
- •IV. Speaking
- •Instructions
- •Illnesses Endocrine system
- •Тема 42. Хвороби ендокринної системи. Діабет. Гормональний дисбаланс та його лікування.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Translate and memorize the following words and phrases:
- •3. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •4. Find substitutes for the following word combinations. Then use them in the sentences of your own.
- •II. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. Work with a partner to label each statement true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it so that it is true.
- •3. Here the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. Word hunt
- •5. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •2. Complete the Sentence
- •3. Anagrams
- •4. Endocrine Disease Word Chop
- •Urinary system
- •Тема 43. Сечова система: будова, функції. Розлади функції нирок та інших органів сечовиділення.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •II. Reading
- •III. Post-reading activities
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Write out of the text all the topical anatomical terms (with definitions).
- •3. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
- •Tube, b) urine, c) nerves, d) urea, e) waste substances
- •4. Describe the process of urine development from formation to urination.
- •IV. Speaking
- •V. Supplement Text 1
- •1. Read the information about urinary system problems. Try to memorize the meaning of some terms denoting urinary system disorders.
- •2. Read the text closely and answer the following questions.
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
- •Text 2
- •1. Read the text about one of the most widespread urinary system problems.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Say whether the sentences are true or false.
- •4. Retell the text. Woman reproductive system
- •Тема 44. Жіноча репродуктивна система.
- •Захворювання жіночих статевих органів.
- •I. Speaking.
- •1. Read and learn the following words and their equivalents
- •2. Learn the following clinical terms.
- •3. Look at Fig. 26-1 and find the main female reproductive organs: external, internal, accessory.
- •4. Read the text, translate it.
- •5. A) Title the text.
- •6. Match the synonyms and synonymous expressions from a) and b).
- •7. Answer the following questions.
- •8. Look at Fig. 26-2 and speak of pregnancy physiology.
- •II. Independent Work
- •1. Read the text and retell it.
- •Male reproductive system
- •Тема 45. Чоловіча репродуктивна система.
- •2. Read and translate the text. Male Reproductive System
- •7. Answer the following questions.
- •II. Independent Work
- •1. Read and translate the text. Major Medical Specialty Fields
- •2. Answer the question.
- •3. Describe the polyclinic at your hospital. Appendix
- •Interesting facts about…
- •Human Body
- •The Journey into the Cell
- •Musculoskeletal System
- •Interesting Blood Facts:
- •Respiratory System
- •Interesting Facts about our Respiration
- •Circulatory System
- •Interesting Circulation Facts:
- •Digestive System
- •Interesting Facts about Structure and Physiology of the Digestive System:
- •Endocrine System
- •Nervous System
- •Interesting Facts about Structure and Physiology of the Nervous System:
- •Urinary System
- •Interesting Urine Facts:
- •Reproductive System
- •Supplementary texts for student’s independent work Bronchitis
- •Thrombosis
- •Angina pectoris
- •Stomach cancer
- •Breast cancer
- •Pancreatitis
- •Hepatitis
- •Hiv/aids
- •Hormonal disorders
- •Strokes
- •Eye and Vision disorders
- •Dermatitis
- •Infertility
- •Child Development
- •Common Infectious Diseases in Children
- •Medical Specialists
- •Quotations and Phrases Taken from Original Texts
- •Proverbs
2. Answer the following questions.
1. What is a kidney stone and how does it form?
2. Who is more prone to get kidney stones?
3. Do most kidney stones pass out of the body without help from a doctor?
4. When can't kidney stones pass out of the body without help from a doctor?
5. Can you name the signs of kidney stones that need doctor's help?
6. What is the treatment of kidney stones?
7. When may surgery be necessary?
8. What can help to prevent kidney stones?
3. Say whether the sentences are true or false.
Kidney stone may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl.
Around half of all people who have previously had a kidney stone will nevei develop another.
Sometimes a stone may get stuck in the urinary tract and block the flow о і urine.
One of the main signs of kidney stones that need a doctor's help is a sore throat.
Initial treatment of kidney stones includes surgery.
There are no procedures that can remove kidney stones without surgery.
To help to prevent any type of kidney stone you should drink more fluid.
4. Retell the text. Woman reproductive system
Тема 44. Жіноча репродуктивна система.
Захворювання жіночих статевих органів.
I. Speaking.
1. Read and learn the following words and their equivalents
ovary – яєчник;
follicle – фолікул;
uterine tube - маткова труба;
uterus – матка;
ovum (pl. ova) – яйцеклітина;
corpus luteum - жовте тіло;
vagina – піхва;
epoophoron - над'яєчник;
paroophoron – прияєчник;
clitoris – клітор;
perineum – промежина;
external genital female organs (vulva) - зовнішні статеві органи жінки;
embryo – зародок;
fetus – плід;
fertilization – запліднення;
breasts - молочні залози;
the neck of uterus - шийка матки;
endometrium - внутрішня слизова оболонка матки, ендометрій.
menstruation – менструація;
placenta – плацента;
menopause – менопауза;
abortion – викидень;
labor, delivery – пологи;
pregnancy – вагітність.
2. Learn the following clinical terms.
Leukorrhea is a white or yellowish vaginal discharge, sign of irritation or infection.
Amenorrhea is the absense of menstrual flow.
Dismenorrhea is painful or difficult menstruation.
Cancer of breasts, cancer of endometrium, cancer of ovaries, cancer of cervix are common malignant tumors of the female reproductive organs.
The infectious diseases of the female sex organs are salpingitis (inflammation of the uterine tubes); pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may be caused by gonorrhea or bacteria; toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a serious bacterial infection usually due to certain staphylococci.
Infertility is the decreased ability to reproduce. Infertility in women, as it is in men, may be relative or absolute.
3. Look at Fig. 26-1 and find the main female reproductive organs: external, internal, accessory.
4. Read the text, translate it.
One of the most interesting and mysterious attributes of life is the ability to reproduce. In people reproduction is sexual. It means that males and females have specialized cells known as germ cells, or gametes. In males they are called spermatozoa and in female they are called ova. Germ cells are characterized by having half as many chromosomes as are found in any other cell in the body. During their formation they go through a special process of cell division, called meiosis [mai'ausis], that in humans reduces the chromosome number from 46 to 23. The female reproductive system consists of organs which produce ova and provide a place for the growth of the embryo.
Ova are produced by the ovary from the puberty period to menopause (end of the fertile period in women). Release of an ovum from the graafian follicle of the ovary into the fallopian tube is called ovulation. Besides the ovaries the major organs of the female reproductive system include the fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and vulva.
Vulva is the external genitalia, it includes the vaginal lips, clitoris and vaginal and urethral orifices. The space between the vaginal orifice and the anus is called perineum.
Breasts also belong to the reproductive system, as they are milk-producing glands which consist of lactiferous ducts and sinuses, carrying milk to the nipple.
In the female, as in the male, reproductive function is controlled by hormones from pituitary gland as regulated by the hypothalamus. Female activity is cyclic, that is, shows regular periods of increases and decreases in hormone levels. The length of the menstrual cycle varies between 22 and 45 days. The duration of menstrual flow is 2 to 6 days.
Estrogen, progesterone [prs'^sstsraun] are two female sex hormones. Estrogen promotes development of the uterine lining and maintains secondary sex characterics.
Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum and placenta; maintains the lining of the uterus for pregnancy.
When semen is deposited in the vagina, many spermatozoa immediately wriggle about in all directions. When a spermatozoon encounters an ovum, it can penetrate the cell membrane of the ovum. The result of this union is fertilization.
The placenta is tlie sponge-like vascular organ. It develops during pregnancy in the uterine wall, and the fetus grows in it up to the parturition or delivery,
Menopause is the cessation of menstruation. It is often called change of life. It occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, and is caused by a normal decline in ovarian function.