Diskinaesthesis

Diskinaesthesis is lack of muscular coordination and of an awareness of the position and movement of one's limbs.

Everyone knows the clumsy child — the boy with the permanently grazed knee who cannot tic his shoelace, is forever breaking things and always drops the cricket ball. Until very recently it was thought that such children were backward or just plain mischievous. Now it is known they arc suffering from a genuine disorder called "dis­kinaesthesis".

The term "kinaesthesis" referring to the sense of muscular movement, has been extant since before World War II, but this is a new development.

Dysmelia

Dysmelia is a deformed condition of development of the limbs.

The deformities are usually severe, and the upper limbs are more severely affected than the lower limbs. This variation in the degree of the defect is also observed in human cases of thalidomide dysmelia.

7. Read and get ready to narrate the additional information:

Clinical tests on preserved synovial fluid of animals are under way in the Ukraine. In a healthy body, the fluid serves as an ideal life-long lubricant for the joints. In a damaged or diseased joint, formation and renewal of this biological lubricant is impaired. Medics have established that a patient's condition can be improved by injecting ani­mal fluid which keeps for a year after some careful pre­servative treatment into the defective joint. Orthopedists in Kyiv have started using the new technique.

8. Read the definitions and fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Build medical terms:

1. Osteo... . A softening of tissue (bone). A bone desease characterized by a softening of the bones, resulting from a deficiency in calcium salts, found chiefly in adult women. 2. Osteo... . Disease process; treatment of disease. A school of medicine and surgery employing various methods of diag­nosis and treatment, but placing special emphasis on the interrelationship of the musculoskeletal system to all other body systems. 3. Osteo... . Instrument to cut. A surgical instrument for cutting or dividing bone. 4. Osteo... . Pas­sage or something in a porous state. A bone disease charac­terized by a reduction in bone density accompanied by in­creasing porosity and brittleness, associated with loss of calcium from the bones. 5. Osteodys... . Nourishment growth, development; bad bone development having to do with the process of nutrition. 6. Oste... . Tumor. A tumor composed of bony tissue.

(a — pathy; b — tome; с — оmа; d — porosis; e — malacia; f —trophy)

9. Build medical terms. Choose them from the list below:

1. Abnormal condition of porous bones. 2. Inflammation of bone and bone marrow. 3. Dead bone tissue. 4. A dis­ease in which there is enlargement of the bones of the head, hands and feet resulting from a tumor of the pituitary gland that causes overproduction of growth hormone. 5. An instru­ment for recording muscular contractions.

(a — ...graph; b — osteomyel...; с — ...porosis; d — sequestrum; e — ...megalia)