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- •Systems of the body and their disease Human body and his structure
- •Тема 28. Людське тіло та його структура.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Translate and memorize the following words and phrases:
- •3. Complete the sentences using one of the following medical terms. The first one has been done for you as an example.
- •4. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •5. Find substitutes for the following word combinations. Then use sentences of your own.
- •II. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. Work with a partner to label each statement true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it so that it is true.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. What do the following refer to in the text?
- •5. Word hunt
- •6. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •2. Body parts - categories
- •3. Word association: missing links
- •Reproductive system
- •5. Anagrams
- •6. Word Search
- •7. Try the puzzle!
- •V. Creative Tasks
- •1. Label the main parts of the human body.
- •2. Human Body Creative Writing
- •VI. Just For Fun
- •1. Read each riddle and fill in the blank with the correct part of your body that rhymes.
- •2. Try to guess what it is!
- •Cell and its functions. Structure of the cell.
- •Тема 29. Клітина та її функції. Будова клітини.
- •I. Speaking:
- •1. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Look at Fig. 3-1.
- •3. Read the text and translate it.
- •8. Give definitions of the words.
- •9. Answer the following questions.
- •Tissue and their classification. Organs and organ systems
- •Тема 30. Тканини та їх класифікація. Органи та системи органів.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Translate and memorize the following words and phrases:
- •3. Complete the sentences using one of the following medical terms. The first one has been done for you as an example.
- •4. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •5. Find substitutes for the following word combinations. Then use them in the sentences of your own.
- •II. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. Work with a partner to label each statement true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it so that it is true.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •5. Word hunt
- •6. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •III. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Translate and memorize the following words and phrases:
- •3. Complete the sentences using one of the following medical terms. The first one has been done for you as an example.
- •4. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •5. Find substitutes for the following word combinations, the sentences of your own.
- •IV. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •V. Comprehension check
- •1. Circle the correct word(s) to complete each sentence. Take turns reading the correct sentences aloud with a partner.
- •2. Work with a partner to label each statement true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it so that it is true.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. What do the following refer to in the text?
- •5. Word hunt
- •6. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Reproduce in your own words:
- •Benign tumor. Cancer
- •Тема 31. Доброякісні пухлини. Рак.
- •I. Active vocabulary
- •II. Lead in work with the vocabulary types of tumours
- •Hepatocellular adenoma
- •Hemangioma
- •Focal nodular hyperplasia
- •III. Work with the text. Read and translate the text cancer
- •Progress in cancer treatment
- •IV. Language development
- •1) Answer the following questions:
- •2) Match the following English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones:
- •3) Answer the following questions:
- •Integumentary system: skin and its derivatives
- •Тема 32. Покривна система: шкіра та її похідні. Хвороби шкіри. Догляд за шкірою.
- •I. Speaking:
- •1. Read and learn the following words, remember their Latin/Greek equivalents.
- •2. Read the text and translate it.
- •III. Independent Work:
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Write out sentences with the infinitive or its complexes. State their forms.
- •3. Translate into Ukrainian, pay attention to the infinitive complexes.
- •5. Translate into English using infinitive complexes.
- •Muscular system
- •Тема 33. М'язова система. М'язи та їх характеристика. Захворювання м'язової системи.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. The following words are lacking vowels. Write in the vowels, translate the words into Ukrainian and practise saying them. The first word has been found for you as an example.
- •3. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •3. Study the table and quiz yourself by guessing what should be in each of the blank rectangles below. Choose the correct word or word combination to fill in the gaps:
- •II. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. True or false statements. Make true with "t", false with "f". Correct the false statements.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •3. What do the following numbers refer to?
- •4. Match a word to the following definition.
- •5. Word hunt
- •6. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •2. Fill in all the gaps using the appropriate words from the text:
- •3. Muscular System Word Chop
- •4. Word Search
- •5. Anagrams
- •Human skeleton
- •Тема 34. Кісткова система: скелет, кістки, суглоби та їх хвороби.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Read and memorize some interesting facts about the human skeleton.
- •3. Match the following English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones:
- •4. Find substitutes for the following terms:
- •II. Reading
- •1. Read the text.
- •2. Read and translate the following text. Get ready to speak on the structure of the human skeleton using the pictures and anatomic terms.
- •III. Post-reading activities
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Fill in the blanks with the words given under the line.
- •3. Group the words according to the skeleton parts.
- •4. Put proper numerals in the blanks.
- •5. Read and memorize the English idioms containing some topical words. Make your own sentences with the idioms.
- •IV. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Which word is the odd one out? Explain your choice. The first one has been done for you as an example:
- •3. Match the real bone names on the left with the common bone names on the right. The first one has been done for you as an example:
- •4. Study the table and quiz yourself by guessing what should be in each of the blank rectangles below. Choose the correct word or word combination to fill in the gaps.
- •V. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. True or false statements. Make true with "t", false with "f". Correct the false statements.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. What do the following numbers refer to?
- •5. Match a word in the text to the following definition.
- •6. Word hunt
- •7. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. The following words are lacking vowels. Write in the vowels, translate the words into Ukrainian and practise saying them. The first word has been found for you as an example.
- •3. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •4. Study the table and quiz yourself by guessing what should be in each of the blank rectangles below. Choose the correct word or word combination to Jill in the gaps:
- •IX. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. True or false statements. Make true with "t", false with "f". Correct the false statements.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. What do the following numbers refer to?
- •5. Match a word in the text to the following definition.
- •6. Word hunt
- •7. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •6. Divide the text into logical parts and make up an outline of the text.
- •7. Speak on the text according to your plan.
- •Illnesses of the bone system
- •Тема 35. Хвороби кісткової системи. Викривлення хребта.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •2. Learn some terms describing the pathological conditions of the skeletal system.
- •3. Read the text. Be ready to answer the questions after reading.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Complete the sentences with the words given below:
- •Podiatry
- •Diskinaesthesis
- •Dysmelia
- •7. Read and get ready to narrate the additional information:
- •8. Read the definitions and fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Build medical terms:
- •9. Build medical terms. Choose them from the list below:
- •Cardiovascular system
- •Тема 36. Серцево-судинна система. Склад крові, серце, судини.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Match the following English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones:
- •3. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •4. Read and memorize some interesting facts.
- •II. Reading
- •III. Post-reading activities
- •1. Check how well you understand the text by answering the following questions.
- •2. Continue the following sentences.
- •3. Match the anatomical terms and their definitions.
- •4. Read and translate the following proverb. What is it about? Do you agree with the saying? Discuss it in groups.
- •IV. Speaking
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Say whether the following sentences are true or false.
- •6. Fill in the table and compare your findings with your partner's.
- •7. Read and memorize the English idioms containing the word blood.
- •Diseases of Cardiovascular system
- •Тема 37. Хвороби серцево-судинної системи.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Translate and memorize the following words and phrases:
- •3. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •4. Find substitutes for the following definitions. Then use them in the sentences of your own.
- •II. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. Work with a partner to label each statement true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it so that it is true.
- •3. Here are the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. Word hunt
- •5. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •2. Complete the Sentence. Use the words in the list below to complete the sentence:
- •3. Anagrams
- •4. Atherosclerosis and Heart Attack Word Chop
- •5. Word Search
- •6. Try the puzzle!
- •V. Creative Tasks
- •Respiratory system
- •Тема 38. Дихальна система: будова та функції.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Read and memorize some interesting facts:
- •II. Reading
- •II. Post - reading activities
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Fill in the blanks.
- •3. Enumerate the main stages of the breathing process.
- •4. Match the anatomical terms and their definitions.
- •5. Read and discuss the information obtained.
- •6. Solve the anatomical crossword puzzle. Across
- •III. Speaking
- •IV. Supplement
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Write out the key sentences of the text. Be ready to speak about the
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
- •Text 2
- •1. Read, translate and discuss the text.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Say whether the sentences are true or false.
- •4. Read and translate the following proverb.
- •Digestive system
- •Тема 39. Система травлення. Будова травного каналу. Печінка. Підшлункова залоза.
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Learn some more terms denoting digestive system elements.
- •3. Read and memorize some interesting facts.
- •4. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •III. Post – reading activities
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Put the sentences in the right order.
- •3. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •4. Study some terms denoting digestive system disorders, but first match the terms and their definitions.
- •5. Write a short summary of the text.
- •IV. Speaking
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •Text 2
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Say whether the sentences are true or false.
- •Nervous system
- •Тема 40. Нервова система: роль, структура, імпульс, синапси, рефлекс, типи нервів. Спинний мозок. Головний мозок.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Read and memorize some interesting facts about the brain.
- •3. Read and memorize the English idioms containing the word brain. Make your own sentences with the idioms.
- •4. Match the following English word combinations and the Ukrainian ones:
- •II. Reading
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Say whether the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Write out of the text all anatomical terms with definitions.
- •4. Complete the diagram.
- •5. Solve the anatomical crossword puzzle.
- •IV. Speaking
- •V. Supplement Text I
- •1. Read the information about some pathological conditions of the nervous system. Be ready to answer the questions after the text.
- •Nervous system disorders
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Fill in the blanks.
- •Endocrine system
- •Тема 41. Ендокринна система. Ендокринні та екзокринні залози.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Read and learn the topical vocabulary.
- •2. Match the following English word combinations and the Ukrainian ones.
- •3. Analyze the structure of the following terms. Memorize the meaning of the term elements from the first column.
- •II. Reading
- •III. Post-reading activities
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Fill in the table consulting the text.
- •3. Say whether the following sentences are true or false.
- •4. Solve the anatomical crossword puzzle.
- •IV. Speaking
- •Instructions
- •Illnesses Endocrine system
- •Тема 42. Хвороби ендокринної системи. Діабет. Гормональний дисбаланс та його лікування.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •1. Learn the active vocabulary:
- •2. Translate and memorize the following words and phrases:
- •3. Arrange the following words in pairs of synonyms:
- •4. Find substitutes for the following word combinations. Then use them in the sentences of your own.
- •II. Reading and Comprehension
- •1. Read the text carefully to obtain detailed understanding of it.
- •2. Work with a partner to label each statement true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it so that it is true.
- •3. Here the answers to some questions from the text. What are the questions?
- •4. Word hunt
- •5. Check your understanding. Find correct answers to the following questions:
- •4. Find in the text the words or phrases of opposite meaning and list them in your notebook. Then:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •2. Complete the Sentence
- •3. Anagrams
- •4. Endocrine Disease Word Chop
- •Urinary system
- •Тема 43. Сечова система: будова, функції. Розлади функції нирок та інших органів сечовиділення.
- •I. Vocabulary
- •II. Reading
- •III. Post-reading activities
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Write out of the text all the topical anatomical terms (with definitions).
- •3. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
- •Tube, b) urine, c) nerves, d) urea, e) waste substances
- •4. Describe the process of urine development from formation to urination.
- •IV. Speaking
- •V. Supplement Text 1
- •1. Read the information about urinary system problems. Try to memorize the meaning of some terms denoting urinary system disorders.
- •2. Read the text closely and answer the following questions.
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
- •Text 2
- •1. Read the text about one of the most widespread urinary system problems.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Say whether the sentences are true or false.
- •4. Retell the text. Woman reproductive system
- •Тема 44. Жіноча репродуктивна система.
- •Захворювання жіночих статевих органів.
- •I. Speaking.
- •1. Read and learn the following words and their equivalents
- •2. Learn the following clinical terms.
- •3. Look at Fig. 26-1 and find the main female reproductive organs: external, internal, accessory.
- •4. Read the text, translate it.
- •5. A) Title the text.
- •6. Match the synonyms and synonymous expressions from a) and b).
- •7. Answer the following questions.
- •8. Look at Fig. 26-2 and speak of pregnancy physiology.
- •II. Independent Work
- •1. Read the text and retell it.
- •Male reproductive system
- •Тема 45. Чоловіча репродуктивна система.
- •2. Read and translate the text. Male Reproductive System
- •7. Answer the following questions.
- •II. Independent Work
- •1. Read and translate the text. Major Medical Specialty Fields
- •2. Answer the question.
- •3. Describe the polyclinic at your hospital. Appendix
- •Interesting facts about…
- •Human Body
- •The Journey into the Cell
- •Musculoskeletal System
- •Interesting Blood Facts:
- •Respiratory System
- •Interesting Facts about our Respiration
- •Circulatory System
- •Interesting Circulation Facts:
- •Digestive System
- •Interesting Facts about Structure and Physiology of the Digestive System:
- •Endocrine System
- •Nervous System
- •Interesting Facts about Structure and Physiology of the Nervous System:
- •Urinary System
- •Interesting Urine Facts:
- •Reproductive System
- •Supplementary texts for student’s independent work Bronchitis
- •Thrombosis
- •Angina pectoris
- •Stomach cancer
- •Breast cancer
- •Pancreatitis
- •Hepatitis
- •Hiv/aids
- •Hormonal disorders
- •Strokes
- •Eye and Vision disorders
- •Dermatitis
- •Infertility
- •Child Development
- •Common Infectious Diseases in Children
- •Medical Specialists
- •Quotations and Phrases Taken from Original Texts
- •Proverbs
Progress in cancer treatment
Progress made in cancer research and treatment is a result of success in biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, immunology and virology. Experimental studies have proved that viruses of animal species may produce malignant tumours in other animals. When test monkeys at the Institute of Experimental Pathology were given suspensions from patients suffering from cancer of hematogenic system, they developed different forms of acute and chronic leukemia. A possible agent of this disease has been isolated and its role in the de-elopment of human cancer is being studied. Our immunologists have found unique early diagnosis llii'lhods for cancer of the liver. The present research aims at accurate early detection for every type of malignant tumours.
Progress has been made in developing drugs that prolong [the cancer patients' lives. Several new preparations can be mentioned — ftorafur used for cancer of the breast and the large intestine, rubomycin used in acute leukemias, bruneo-mycin, ftorbenzotein and others. Currently there is a lot Of research on drug combinations and applications. Some malignant tumours that do not yield to any single preparation have reacted to combinations of drugs.
The cancer control programme includes both social and medical measures. There are many specialized treatment, prevention and research centres where surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are used. The combination of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation (including elementary particle beams and laser pulses) more and more often brings positive results. Further research and development of preventive and curative methods will lead to new achievements.
IV. Language development
1) Answer the following questions:
1. When and where was "cancer" mentioned for the first time?
2. When did the term "carcinoma" appear?
3. What possibility did the construction of microscope give the scientists?
4. What can you say about the further development of the science of tumour?
5. What is the definition of a tumour in modern oncology?
6. What is the difference between a pathological and physiological growth?
7. What is the difference between the chromosomal and mutation theories?
8. Where does a neoplastic germ develop first?
9. How may a tumour be set down in an elementary way?
2) Match the following English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones:
a) |
extensive research |
1. |
широке дослідження |
b) |
mammary gland |
2. |
вірусний гепатит |
c) |
surrounding tissue |
3. |
рак печінки |
d) |
liver cancer |
4. |
молочна залоза |
e) |
viral hepatitis |
5. |
тканина, що оточує |
3) Answer the following questions:
1. What disease continues to be the most dangerous among human diseases?
2. What is the attention of man investigators attracted by?
3. Whom was the term "cancer'i used first?
4. What kind of disease is cancer?
5. What is th malignant tumour made up of?
6. What do metastases lea to?
7. What is the final concept concerning the aetiology of lung cancer?
8. What carcinogenic substances do you know?
9. What plays a major part in the aetiology of lung cancer?10. How does the distribution of different types of cancer; vary?
V. Speaking
1) Comment on the types of tumours using the following plan:
1. Historical review о f the problem о f types оf tumours
2. Definition of tumours.
3. The genesis of tumours.
4. The aetiology of tumours.
5. Tumour producing substances
2) Translate the sentences:
широке дослідження, етіологія раку, успішне лікування, рак молочної залози, здорова тканина, сполучна тканина, вірусний гепатит, передраковий стан, правильне обстеження
3) Перекладіть з російської мови на англійську
Доброкачественные опухоли растут медленно, могут существовать годами, не увеличиваясь. Они окружены собственной оболочкой. При росте, увеличиваясь, опухоль отодвигает окружающие ткани, не разрушая их. Гистологическое строение опухоли незначительно отличается от ткани, в которой она развивалась. Поэтому доброкачественные опухоли носят названия собственных тканей, из которых они развились, с добавлением суффикса "ома" от греческого термина "онкома" (опухоль). Например, опухоль из жировой ткали - липома, из соединительной - фиброма, из мышечной - миома, из костной ткани - остеома и т. д. Удаление доброкачественной опухоли с ее оболочкой ведет к полному излечению больного.
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