The Infinitive and the Gerund as attribute

The nouns followed by of

action habit object sort

advantage honor pleasure standard

aim hope pity success

art idea question task

business importance risk thought

chance joy role trouble

choice love rule use

cost luck sense way

custom manner shame and others...

danger method shock

difficulty necessity sign

E.g. Generally speaking, if you leave the US for purposes of traveling, working or studying abroad …Customs considers you a returning resident.

You run the risk of losing your customs exemption unless you meet certain requirements.

Nouns followed by for

cause	grounds	reason
excuse	motive	reputation
genius	passion	talent
guilt	pretext	method

E.g. He developed a new method for detecting contraband.

I’m sure he had some special reason for doing it.

Nouns followed by in

advantage	harm	participation	sense
belief	hesitation	pleasure	skill
difficulty	meaning	point	use
experience	object	purpose

E.g. There was no point in importing foodstuff into this area.

There was some difficulty in explaining the situation clearly.

Nouns followed by at

amazement	delight	pleasure
astonishment	dismay	satisfaction
attempt	irritation	surprise

E.g. He made an attempt at smuggling a few kg of marijuana.

He couldn’t conceal the irritation at being disturbed.

Nouns followed by about

fantasy, obsession, scruples

E.g. Her obsession about going there is amazing.

Nouns followed by to

objection, preparation

E.g. What’s your objection to using this appraisement method?

Exercise18. Translate the sentences with the infinitive in the function of attribute

1. Failure to comply could result in extensive, expensive delays in clearing your trophy through the Customs.

2. They were discussing the meeting to be held the next day.

3. Some carriers may add other clearance charges that have nothing to do with customs duties.

4. This is the most important step to be followed in order for you to receive the benefits allowed under the procedure.

5. The public has the right to demand expeditious Customs processing and we continually seeking the way to improve efficiency in this area.

6. The other way to protest duty is to refuse delivery of the package and, within 5 days, send your protest letter to the post-office.

7. Since its creation the Training Advisory Group has been seeking ways

to improve the training assistance provided to the CCC members.

8. Customs will release without examination all imported photographic film, unless there is reason to believe that it contains objectionable material.

9. In determining the competence of these offices and their hours of business, the factor to be taken into account shall include the particular requirements of trade and industry.

10. National legislation shall specify the conditions to be fulfilled and the formalities to be accomplished for the clearance of goods for home use.

Exercise19. Translate the sentences with the infinitive in the function of attribute

1. У меня есть кое-что, что я должен показать тебе. Это странное белое вещество, похожее на наркотики. Я думаю его надо послать на экспертизу.

2. У меня есть проблема, которую нужно решить немедленно, иначе исчезнут очень важные улики.

3. При расследовании дел о контрабанде часто возникает необходимость ознакомиться с валютными операциями по счетам лиц, причастных к контрабанде.

4. Он принес несколько бланков, которые нужно было срочно заполнить.

5. Через несколько минут мы вошли в зал заседаний, но не нашли места чтобы сесть: почти все сотрудники собрались чтобы услышать о новых правилах оформления таможенных грузов.

6. У нас в тот день было трудное поручение, с которым нам надо было справиться.

7. Это как раз такой брокер, с которым вы могли бы посоветоваться, и который, возможно, возьмется решить ваши проблемы с таможенным оформлением.

8. Вам необходимо ознакомиться с требованиями, которые надо выполнять чтобы проходить оформление без задержек и без материальных затрат.

9. При расследовании дела о контрабанде освидетельствование производится тогда, когда есть основания полагать, что на теле обыскиваемого могут быть обнаружены предметы контрабанды.

10. Ничего не оставалось делать, как только ждать прихода врача и свидетелей для проведения личного досмотра.

Exercise 20. Make one sentence out of the following pairs of sentences by using gerundial phrases

1. He is skilled and efficient. There is no doubt about it.

2. Why waste time on such things? There is no sense in that.

3. He finds errors in accompanying documents very well. He has experience in it.

4. He likes to work with the canine team. He gets pleasure out of it.

5. They usually look through all documents before examining any vehicle. There is point in it.

6. He has an annoying habit. He pries into my personal matters.

7. You were running a risk. You might have been caught on the border.

8. You can’t smuggle things like that. It's no use.

9. He finds concealment places easily. He has no difficulty with it.

10. We should examine this passenger’s luggage. We have good reason for it.

Exercise 21. Open the brackets using the gerund in the function of attribute. Add prepositions

1. It’s surprising that a customs broker has got no experience …(to write documents of this kind).

2. Key elements … (to stream merchandise processing) involve sophisticated automation and compliance by selectivity rather than the traditional method … (to check all transactions).

3. Customs has been given responsibility … (to develop, implement and coordinate policies).

4. He played with the idea … (to take a trip to the South).

5. US Customs also provides surveys and training for commercial carriers whose equipment is under threat … (to use to transport narcotics).

6. Despite the noise he had no difficulty … (to focus his attention on the article).

7. He rejected the possibility … (to promote to the position of general manager).

8. It's very kind of you to have taken the trouble … (to prove his innocence).

9. 1 don't see any reason … (to reject her suggestion).

10. Today’s professional smuggler is using aircraft, boats, vehicles, and even such things as narcotics-laden missiles fired over the border as methods … (to evade) traditional approaches … (to intercept) contraband.

Exercise 22. Translate into English

1. У нас есть все основания полагать, что он замешан в контрабанде ядерных отходов.

2. Нет никакой надежды застать кого-нибудь в отделе: вся группа выехала на досмотр судна.

3. При наличии оснований полагать, что во время проведения обыска может быть оказано вооруженное сопротивление, данное следственное действие следует производить с участием специальных подразделений милиции или таможни.

4.Следственный эксперимент осуществляется путем воспроизведения действий, обстановки или других обстоятельств определенного события и совершения необходимых опытных действий в целях проверки и уточнения данных, имеющих значение для дела.

5. Мне редко представляется возможность присутствовать при проведении обыска на судне.

6. У нас не было трудностей в определении того, какие поддельные документы использовались при перемещении через границу стратегического сырья.

7. Идея задекларировать товар не своим наименованием пришла ему в голову, когда он обдумывал способы снижения таможенных платежей.

8.Эксперты пытаются определить, употребляет ли данное лицо наркотики, в какой форме, имеются ли у данного лица признаки употребления наркотиков.

9.Он с трудом удержался от соблазна обратиться с просьбой поручить расследование контрабанды ему лично.

10.Когда его багаж досматривали, создавалось впечатление, что он нервничает и пытается скрыть что-то.

The Infinitive and the Gerund as Adverbial Modifiers

1. The Infinitive of Purpose

E.g. ...a Customs administration operates in order to determine more

accurately the needs of each member.

Customs conducts surveillance at airports and sea ports to prevent

illegal exports and imports.

To maintain round-the-clock surveillance activities, Customs guard

posts have been set up at sea ports.

2. The Infinitive of Consequence

E.g. I had only to see his face to know the answer.

You had but to call me to have all help you needed.

She was so lucky as to pass Customs examination.

That made the customs officer happy enough to wave the shipment

through.

3. The Infinitive of comparison

E.g. I’ve got more important things to do than (to) listen to you.

4. The Infinitive of Condition

E.g. To see him do it, you would think he was drunk.

5. The Infinitive of Subsequent action

E.g. He went to America to die there.

We went into the house to find no signs of life.

Exercise 23. Translate into Russian. Make these sentences interrogative

1. In 1991, the CCC created an Advisory Group within its Membership to oversee the Council’s increasing activities in the field of training.

2. Shipments exceeding $ 2.000 in value require a formal entry in order to release the merchandise.

3. A customs officer will have already filled out this form with the item’s tariff classification number , rate of duty, processing fee and the total amount that must be paid in order to take possession of your luggage.

4. You have 90 days after you receive the package and pay the duty to make this request for a duty adjustment.

5. To be responsive to the importing public, modifications to our way of doing business must simplify as well as improve efficiency.

6. As with merchandise processing, modern computer technology and communications are being used extensively to facilitate the processing of ever-increasing numbers of travelers entering the US.

7. An enforcement program is needed not only to apprehend a smuggler, but to protect the revenue from fraud as well.

8. To accomplish this mission, Customs relies heavily on its aviation and marine programs, as well as investigators, intelligence, inspectional enforcement and enforcement support programs.

9. Today, Special Agents are assigned to duty stations all over the world to detect international smuggling.

10. To expedite this process, Customs entry papers may be presented before the merchandise arrives.

Exercise 24. Answer the questions using an infinitive of purpose

1. Why is every passenger required to fill out a declaration?

2. Why did you send for a canine team?

3. Why was it important to harmonize the designation and coding countries?

4. Why did it become necessary to adopt a Harmonized System (HS)?

5. Why was it vital to create an international system to designate goods?

6. Why do some countries grant relief from import duties and taxes?

7. What are free zones established for?

8. Why must passengers be well informed to choose between green and red channels?

9. Why is it important to prevent drug smuggling?

10. Why did Customs introduce detector dogs into its enforcement operations?

Exercise25. Paraphrase the sentences using "too" and "enough"

1. The weather was so hot that we couldn't go out.

2. Unfortunately this dog is so old that it cannot detect drugs anymore.

3. He's very skilled and can prepare this report.

4. There were very many people and we couldn’t clear our luggage.

5. I'm so excited that I can't think clearly.

6. This report is so short that it can be read in a few minutes.

7. This problem is so difficult that I can't explain it.

8. He was so angry he wouldn't speak to me.

9. He was rather stupid and he believed everything I told him.

10. They were so quick they could do it directly.

11. This battery is strong, and should last forty-eight hours.

12. The dog is very possessive, aggressive and full of life and it can be a drug detector dog.

13. I think you aren't very efficient and can't cope with this assignment.

14. That X-ray machine is so badly broken that it can't be mended.

15. This detecting device works so slowly that it isn't much use.

Exercise 26. Translate into English

1. Он отозвал инспектора как будто хотел показать ему что-то, а на самом деле, чтобы отвлечь его внимание от места сокрытия контрабанды.

2. Он делал все возможное, чтобы узнать подробности и обстоятельства взвешивания, погрузки, разгрузки, перегрузки и пр., которые проводились по их указанию.

3. Всегда бывает достаточно легко найти основания для того, чтобы произвести досмотр подозрительных помещений и контейнеров.

4. Свет был недостаточно сильным, чтобы я мог видеть, что находилось в ящике, спрятанном в машинном отделении.

5. Я пришел, чтобы убедиться, что вы не везете запрещенные предметы или предметы, подпадающие под таможенные ограничения.

6. Он достаточно опытен, чтобы определить, что за порошок вы везете.

7. Он слишком умен, чтобы взять на себя ответственность, хотя он является инициатором нарушения.

8. На следующий день мы встали рано, чтобы успеть в порт к семи часам к приходу судна, задержанного с контрабандным оружием.

9. За экспертом послали, но он приехал слишком поздно, чтобы сделать что-нибудь полезное.

10. В случаях, когда контрабанда связана с представлением подложных документов, опрашиваются сотрудники таможни, чтобы определить по каким признакам они определили подложность.