_{Chapter VII}

Verbals

I. Infinitive and gerund

Infinitive

	Active	Passive
Simple	to take	to be taken
Perfect	to have taken	to have been taken
Continuous	to be taking
Perfect Continuous	to have been taking

Gerund

	Active	Passive
Simple	taking	being taken
Perfect	having taken	having been taken

The Gerund and the Infinitive as Subjects

E.g. Trying to halt the flow of illicit drugs is an incredibly challenging task.

To conceal the truth from her was foolish.

Trying to import a car that does not meet all the requirements can be a vexing experience.

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian

1. Maintaining this somewhat delicate balance requires that Customs utilize all available technology in its commercial initiatives.

2. Customs processing is required for civilian parcels as well as for those sent from overseas military postal facilities.

3. Mailing is always via the international postal system, which is run jointly by international governments.

4. Shipping, on the other hand, refers to private sector couriers, those commercial delivery services that often promise to deliver packages in record time.

5. Sometimes sending textiles can be a little tricky because they are subject to more regulations than other kind of consumer goods.

6. Filing a formal entry can get rather involved; most travelers are unfamiliar with the paperwork and other requirements.

7. Determining a good’s classification, and therefore it’s duty rate, is very complicated.

8. Shipping through the US mail , including parcel post, is a cost efficient way to send things to the United States.

9. When you make your purchase, it is very important to tell the merchant not to send your package to the United States until he or she gets the copy of form CF-255.

10. It is illegal to bring drug paraphernalia into the United States unless they have been proscribed for authentic medical conditions - diabetes, for example.

Exercise 2. Use the infinitive in the sentences as subject without anticipatory it

1. It is necessary to detect and apprehend persons engaged in fraudulent practices.

2. It would be good to collect accurate import and export data for compilation of international trade statistics.

3. It’ll do her a lot of good to indicate what articles are not accompanying her

4. It’s wise of you to have told them everything in detail.

5. It’ll be ridiculous to accept his offer.

6. It’s not good to conceal things from customs officials.

7. It’s rather foolish to count on his help.

8. It won’t take you much time to find out his address.

9. It will take some time to assess and collect customs duties, excise taxes, fees, and penalties due on imported merchandise.

10. It’s Customs responsibility to protect the general welfare and security of the US .

Exercise 3. Make sentences beginning with it concerning the Customs work

E.g. be policy® It’s our policy to substitute all or most of the drugs and effect “clean” controlled delivery.

be hard® It has always been hard to solve all drug related problems.

1. be challenging 6. be a responsibility

2. be cost-effective 7. be smart of you

3. not be easy 8. not cost much money

4. be dangerous 9. be necessary

5. must be interesting 10. might be a good idea

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences using gerund phrases as subjects

E.g. … is the purpose of the program. Developing and maintaining a corruption-free workplace is the purpose of the program.

… will enable smb to compete more effectively. Giving access to computers and telecommunications will enable them to compete more effectively in the global economy.

1. ...provides us with the technical skills.

2. ...demands patience and a sense of humor.

3. ...can be a difficult assignment.

4. ...is a complicated progress.

5. …turned out to be a mistake.

6. ... only added to our problems.

7. ...was a real disappointment.

8. ...requires great skills and concentration.

9. … contributed to the economic development.

10. ...provides support to Customs.

Exercise 5. Translate into Russian

1. При расследовании контрабанды важное значение имеет своевременное обнаружение и изъятие предметов, документов, веществ и следов.

2. Участие в осмотре специалистов зависит от усмотрения следователя.

3. Запретить рынок наркотиков не значит уничтожить его.

4. Прохождение таможенного контроля - непродолжительная процедура, если вы не везете ничего, что следует задекларировать.

5. Невозможно провезти большую партию товара без таможенного оформления груза.

6. Было очень приятно узнать, что вся документация отвечает таможенным требованиям, и проблем с оформлением багажа не будет.

7. Спорить с таможенным инспектором – напрасная трата времени, лучше еще раз проверьте накладную и свяжитесь с грузоотправителем.

8. Мне не пришло в голову, что заполнение декларации может занять так много времени.

9. Сотрудники таможни должны поддерживать хорошую физическую форму, и бег трусцой, плавание - очень хорошие способы для достижения цели.

10. Расследование значительной части уголовных дел , связанных с контрабандой крупных партий товара, уклонением от уплаты таможенных платежей и иных преступлений требует обязательной проверки таможенных документов.

The Gerund and the Infinitive as Predicative

E.g. The best form of marking is branding.

The purpose is to acquaint manufacturers and importers with the country of origin marking requirements.

Exercise 6.Translate into Russian

1. The mission of the Customs service is to collect the revenue from imports and enforce Customs and related laws.

2. US Customs is an active member of the CCC, an international body whose purpose is to simplify and harmonize customs procedures throughout the world to facilitate the flow of international travel and trade.

3. To declare means to tell the customs officers about anything you’re bringing back that you did not have when you left the US.

4. You will probably find it easier and faster to fill out your declaration form and clear Customs, if you do the following: keep your sales slips.

5. The other way to protest duty is to refuse delivery of the package and, within five days, send your protest to the post office where the package is being held.

6. The best way is to register your firearms and related equipment by taking them to any Customs office before you leave the US.

7. The most cost-effective way to get your purchases back home is to take them with you if at all possible.

8. One of the Organization’s most important functions is to provide a forum in which Customs representatives can come together to address matters which are of concern to them.

9. The initial problem for every Customs service is to detect drug couriers.

10. The current practice is using private, non-commercial aircraft for drug smuggling.

Exercise 7. Complete the sentences using the infinitive and the gerund as predicative

1. The main problem is …

2. To file a report means ….

3. The main objective of the Customs service is ……

4. My responsibility as a customs officer will be ….

5. To do it means …

6. Our next move must be …

7. To act like this means ..

8. The first thing to do is …

9. To ask her a straight question will mean …

10. The best method to import this kind of goods is …..

Exercise 8. Translate into English

1. На совещании было отмечено, что основное направление работы состоит в сборе и обработке материала по импорту лесоматериалов.

2.Наша главная задача – найти и задержать контрабанду.

3. Первое, что необходимо сделать – это получить лицензию на осуществление экспортно-импортных операций.

4. Основное направление работы на данном этапе заключается в поиске новых технологий обработки грузоперевозок.

5. Пытаться контролировать перемещение пассажиров через международные аэропорты значит быть в курсе всех операций компаний по перевозке пассажиров.

6. Дальнейшим шагом в сотрудничестве по осуществлению контроля за наркотиками было заключение соглашения между российскими и американскими спецслужбами.

7. Одним из направлений работы является укрепление связей с правоохранительными органами зарубежных стран.

8. Он продолжал заполнять документы , как будто не слышал, что ему говорят.

9. Единственное, что мне хочется – это закончить расследование контрабанды, передать дело в прокуратуру и ,наконец, пойти в отпуск.

10. Самый простой и наиболее часто применяемый способ сокрытия – это помещение контрабанды между двойными стенками и полом фургона, контейнера.

The Gerund and the Infinitive as Object (Complement)

1.verbs followed only by an infinitive

agree hesitate prepare

attempt hope pretend

claim intend refuse

decide learn seem

demand need strive

desire offer tend

fail plan wish

E.g. ...these countries have agreed to adopt new import tariffs...

...smugglers will attempt to be as normal as possible...

2. verbs always followed by the gerund

admit finish regret

can’t help mind resent

appreciate report resist

avoid miss resume

consider postpone risk

delay practice suggest

deny quit

enjoy recall

E.g. Don’t risk losing your customs exemption.

You might want to consider applying for a binding ruling.

3. verbs followed by either the infinitive or the gerund with no change in meaning

begin hate prefer

continue like start

dread love can’t stand

E.g. Seizures of cocaine are one area that continues to run wild / running wild.

He dreaded to be discovered/being discovered.

4. Verbs + prepositions followed by the gerund

approve of object to

be better off put off

confess to rely on

count on succeed in

depend on think about

insist on think of

give up worry about

keep on be used to

look forward to feel like, etc

E.g. The Council looks forward to reporting on this success.

He confessed to smuggling a few grams of cocaine.

5. Adjectives + prepositions followed by the gerund

accustomed to intent on

afraid of interested in

capable of successful at

fond of tired of

E.g. ... Customs experts are capable of working in the field.

The teacher was tired of hearing excuses.

6. Adjectives followed by the infinitive

able easy

anxious good

boring pleased

common prepared

dangerous ready

difficult strange

hard usual

eager

E.g. Customs officers are imaginative and able to adapt to all kinds of economic changes.

He was prepared to declare this particular item.

7. The following verbs plus infinitives usually require an object pronoun

allow instruct prepare

ask invite promise

beg order remind

convince permit urge

expect persuade want

E.g. Be especially wary of anyone who asks you to carry an item back to the US.

The Customs authorities permitted them to bring this equipment into the country duty free.

8. go followed by a gerund to express recreational activities

GO + GERUND

go hiking go sightseeing

go boating go hunting go skating

go bowling go jogging go skiing

go camping go mountain climbing go sledding

go canoeing go running go swimming

go dancing go sailing go tobogganing

go fishing go shopping go window shopping

E.g. Have you ever gone sledding?

They went shopping yesterday.

9. Verbs followed by either the infinitive or the gerund (the meaning changes)

try + infinitive +gerund	Some people try to evade paying customs duties. The handler tried scenting dummies with marijuana to teach his dog.	Make an attempt/make effort Experiment to find out if a new method works
regret + infinitive +gerund	I regret to admit that I have lost my license. (usually used with say, tell, inform, admit) I regret losing my license.	Feel sorry about saying something negative Feel sorry about something that has already happened
remember + infinitive +gerund	We usually remember to file the reports on time. I remember always filing my reports on time when I was in charge of this office.	The remembering occurs before the action. The remembering occurs after the action.
forget + infinitive +gerund	He never forgets to declare his video camera. He’ll never forget failing to declare his video camera once when crossing the border. (usually used with never)	The result of forgetting is that the action doesn’t take place. An action is not forgotten after it takes place.
stop + infinitive +gerund	I stopped to listen to the announcement. I stopped listening to the announcement and proceeded to the Customs control area.	Stop for the purpose of accomplishing a task. Interrupt an action in progress.
to be afraid + infinitive +gerund	We are afraid not to meet Customs requirements. We’re afraid of breaking some regulation.	The person concerned doesn’t dare to do smth. The person doesn’t want to do smth.
to be ashamed + infinitive +gerund	He’s ashamed to admit his smuggling attempt. We are ashamed of attempting to smuggle two bottles of French perfume.	When it refers to smth. that hasn’t taken place. When it refers to smth. that has already happened.

Exercise 9. Put the infinitive in brackets in the proper form

1. Prospective buyers should be aware that these modifications can be extremely expensive and sometimes even impossible … (to accomplish).

2. The Customs officer must actually see the item you wish …(to register) , so it can’t be done by phone.

3. I'm sorry … (to keep) you waiting, we‘ve had to inspect the cases first.

4. He was also watching me, although he pretended … (to read).

5. If you plan … (to import) a hunting trophy or game, check with the Fish and Wildlife first.

6. We could see that he wanted … (to leave) alone, which immediately woke our suspicion and we decided … (to check) him thoroughly.

7. You're lucky … (to work) with such a man.

8. He didn't want … (to interrupt) at this moment, but he took the receiver.

9. I was surprised … (to ask) about a spare ticket - it was a second-rate perform­ance

10. If you want (to import) merchandise from any of these countries, you will first need a specific license.

Exercise 10. Fill in the blanks using either the infinitive or the gerund

1. If you fail … (to declare) an article acquired abroad, not only if it is subject to seizure or forfeiture, but you will be also liable for a personal penalty.

2. You must declare all articles you intend … (to sell) or use in your business.

3. The following restrictions are aimed at … (to preserve) community health and safety, … (to protect) domestic plant and animal life.

4. Jerry was enjoying himself and did not want ... (to come) away. I suggested ... (to leave) him and ... (to let)him meet us at the station.

5. Everything you've planned ... (to do) is sensible.

6. He longs ... (to settle) down and ... (to live)a quiet country life.

7. You keep ... (to say) things in Latin and you know I can't understand.

8. He had just finished ... (to strap) up a suitcase, when he was asked … (to open) for inspection.

9. He did not hesitate ... (to employ) such methods.

10. He stopped ... (to whistle) and went into the bathroom to turn the water on to wash his hands.

11. We realize that very few travelers actually violate the law, but we may still need … (to examine)your baggage or your vehicle.

12. If you don’t declare something that should have been declared, you risk …(to forfeit)it.

13. If you plan …..(to take) your pet abroad or … (to import)one on your return , please get a copy of Customs brochure and Wildlife.

14. If you feel that your contact with the Customs deserves positive recognition, we would certainly enjoy … (to hear) that too.

15. From early on, Customs service has sensed new international trends and has ever since endeared … (to move) efficient services.

Exercise 11. Make up sentences using given words

1. finish + check luggage

2. postpone + clear Customs

3. keep + work with the documents

4. give up + ask for a discount

5. think about + wear a uniform

6. enjoy + play video games

7. appreciate +release goods

8. think about + represent the Customs

9. stop + fight

10. suggest + fill up the declaration

11. delay + leave on vacation

12. mind +leave the Customs area

13. quit + work overtime

14. give up +smuggle

15. consider + get a job

16. finish + clear the cargo

17. discuss + investigate the case

18. talk about + deliver the cargo

19. avoid + answer my question

20. mention + detect a concealment place

Exercise 12. Supply the necessary prepositions

1. You are responsible … advising the shopkeeper at the time you make your purchase that your package is not to be sent until this form is received.

2. I became aware of the specific benefit I was capable ... getting from travel.

3. I don't say I'm proud ... cheating him out of 300 dollars.

4. Your colleagues are good ... keeping a secret, aren't they?

5. He is usually fairly careful ... making his statements.

6. He is quite excited ... being among us again.

7. It was five minutes later than my usual bedtime and I felt guilty... being still up.

8. She was quick... finding concealment places.

9. I tried to be as nice as possible ... refusing to show the shipping documents.

10. You seem very fond ... saying things behind my back.

Exercise 13. Translate into English using infinitive or gerund

1. Контрабанду очень трудно найти на большом судне, так как на нем много укромных мест. (hard)

2. Наши сотрудники всегда готовы прийти вам на помощь и проконсультировать вас по неясным вопросам, касающимся таможенного законодательства. (ready)

3. Сейчас он занят проверкой документов, поступивших из таможенных органов. (busy)

4. Ему было очень жаль, что ему нужно было уходить: ему пора было ехать в порт на оформление судна.(sorry)

5.Все его показания стоило записать на магнитофон: они помогли бы нам разыскать нарушителя. (worth)

6­. Он сумел найти контрабанду у пассажира за две минуты. Ничего удивительного: поведение пассажира выдало его, как только он подошел к стойке. (able)

7. Я думаю, что вам стоит внести ваши украшения в декларацию. (worth)

8. Он заинтересован в освобождении от уплаты таможенных платежей и заявил всю партию как перемещаемую транзитом через РФ в Грузию. (interested)

9.Ему повезло, что прошел таможенный контроль без осложнений – он везет несколько флаконов французских духов. (lucky)

10.Он с удивлением узнал, что таможенные органы устранились от принятия решений, направленных на задержание и арест лиц, совершивших контрабанду. (surprised)

Exercise 14. Make up sentences using gerundial phrases

E.g. (a) to be tired of (b) to argue

I am tired of arguing.

1. (a) to be good at (b) to detect contraband

2. (a) to be busy (b) to train a drug detector dog

3. (a) to be proud of (b) to be a Customs inspector

4. (a) to be tired (b) to argue with a client

5. (a) to be afraid of (b) to be interdicted by the Customs

6. (a) to be fond of (b) play video games

7. (a) to be sure of (b) to be cheated

8. to be ashamed of (b) to violate a customs regulation

9. (a) to be worth (b) to remember

10. (a) to be capable of (b) to ship drugs

Exercise 15. Use the appropriate form of the verb (infinitive or gerund with or without a preposition) in these sentences

1. I regret … (to say) that you might have to pay duty on your laptop computer if it was made in Japan

2. I’m sorry I forgot … (to state) on my declaration, what I actually paid for each item.

3. Now it's absolutely clear to me that he is an honest man and I do regret … (to say) he was a smuggler.

4. I can apologize to him if you insist on it but I really don’t remember …(to do) such a thing.

5. He’s fully justified in being cross with me; I keep forgetting … (to file) reports in time.

6. You won’t have to remind him, he’ll remember … (to declare) items he bought in duty-free shop.

7. At the cross-examination Mr. Hunter said he remembered … (to warn) the defendant against driving at top speed.

8. Smugglers were afraid … (to target), so they changed tactics.

9. It is only natural that he is afraid … (to cross) the border because there is X-ray equipment at the port of entry; he is carrying drugs concealed in the double bottom of his suitcase.

10. He is brave beyond any doubt, but there is one thing he is afraid of - he is afraid … (to climb) mountains.

Exercise 16. Paraphrase the following sentences using either an infinitive or a gerund

1. Do you remember you took care of clearing his merchandise through the Customs?

2. Remember that you must charge a fee for this service.

3. I didn't declare the laptop computer I bought abroad , I quite forgot.

4. She forgot that she had to include a value-added tax when she stated the price on her declaration.

5. She quite forgot that she had asked you to book the tickets.

6. She said that she remembered that she had had a talk with him on the subject.

7. I remember we made a joint declaration to combine our exemptions.

8. Don't forget that you must fill out the declaration before you arrive so that you can give it to the Customs inspector when you disembark.

9. Did she remember that she was to get in touch with him?

10. She forgot that she had postponed the appointment.

Exercise 17. Translate into English

1.Она продолжала искать что-то в сумке, хотя таможенник попросил ее предоставить сумку на досмотр.

2. Он все уладил, чтобы получить товары со склада сразу после уплаты пошлины и налогов.

3. Я никогда не забуду, как однажды был свидетелем задержания контрабандиста, пытавшегося провезти наркотики в банках со сгущенным молоком.

4. Правонарушители рассчитывали реализовать на территории РФ партию сигарет и тем самым попытаться уклониться от уплаты таможенных платежей.

5. Лицо перестает быть общественно опасным, когда оно, совершив преступление небольшой или средней тяжести, оказалось в иных условиях (служба в армии, тяжелое заболевание и т.п.).

6. Совершенно ясно: в настоящее время в нашей стране не наступили такие условия, при которых контрабанда и иные нарушения в сфере таможенного дела перестали носить общественно опасный характер.

7. Так как преступники не в состоянии сразу же увезти весь контрабандный товар, они ,очевидно, планируют увезти его партиями.

8. Он настаивал на преследовании преступника, опросе свидетелей на месте происшествия и применении служебно-розыскных собак.

9. У него возникли проблемы с получением скоропортящегося груза, так как работники таможни задержали его оформление.

10. В результате недостатков в работе, таможенникам не удалось выявить часть преступлений, что привело к утрате важных доказательств.