
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Find the translation of English words:
- •3. Read and translate into Ukrainian:
- •4. Read the text translate it in writing:
- •5. Learn the essential vocabulary:
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read the text translate it in writing:
- •4. General understanding:
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read the text translate it in writing:
- •4. General understanding:
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read the text translate it in writing:
- •4. Translate int English:
- •5. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following:
- •6. Find the Translation:
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •8. What operations could be done by robots in hazardous or uncomfortable for the human workers conditions?
- •9. List the materials you know which are used in engineering. Combine your list with that of your friend and say which of the materials are metals and non-mеtals.
- •10. Some students and their Instructor are discussing the materials that
- •11. Complete the dialogues with suitable words.
- •12.Match the English phrases with the Russian equivalents.
- •13. Rephrase the following sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read the text translate it in writing:
- •4. General understanding:
- •5. Which of the listed below terms have Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Which of the listed above state¬ments are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •8. Questions for group discussion:
- •9.Read the text attentively and check your answers.
- •10.Say whether you agree or disagree with these statements.
- •11.Fill in the gaps.
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following:
- •4. Find the translation of English words:
- •5. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text:
- •6. Find English equivalents in the text:
- •7. Give definitions to the following:
- •8. Find the translation:
- •9. Why is it important for an engineer to know the properties of engineering materials?
- •10. A group of students is at the practical class now. Read to their con¬versation and learn how we can compare properties of various materials.
- •11.Complete the sentences with these words: rigid, soft, elastic, hard,
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read the text translate it in writing:
- •4. General understanding:
- •5. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read the text translate it in writing:
- •4. General understanding
- •5.Which of the following is Software
- •6. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text:
- •12. Insert prepositions where necessary.
- •13. Correct mistakes.
- •14.Translate the sentences into English using your active vocabulary.
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read the text translate it in writing: Operating Systems.
- •4. General understanding:
- •5. Match the following:
- •6. Which of the listed below state¬ments are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Questions for group discussion:
- •9.Is it possible to imagine our life without computers? How useful are they?
- •10.Alice and Paul are talking in the University coffee-bar. Read their conversation and name the advantages of computers.
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read the text translate it in writing: Windows.
- •4. General understanding:
- •5. Which of the listed above statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •6. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •7. Define the following:
- •8. Find the equivalents in the text:
- •9. Find the equivalents in the text:
- •10. Questions for group discussion:
- •11. Read the text attentively and find the answers to the following questions.
- •12.Cross out the odd word.
- •Introducing to www. Internet.
- •1. Learn the new words and put them into your vocabularies:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read the text translate it in writing:
- •Introducing to www. Internet.
- •4. General understanding:
- •5. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.
- •6. Define the following using the vocabulary:
- •7. Match the following:
- •8. Words to match with:
- •9. Questions for group discussion:
- •10. Say whether the following sentences are true or false. Correct the
- •11.Write two paragraphs, one about the advantages and the other about the disadvantages of computers.
- •12.Translate the text into Ukrainian:
- •2. Discuss these questions.
- •3. Alice and Dima are studying in different groups. Now they are dis¬cussing their laboratory classes. Read their conversations and say
- •8. Translate the sentences into English using your active vocabulary.
- •1. Read the text translate it in writing: Automated production lines
- •1. Read and learn the new words, write them down into your vocabulary:
- •2. Find the definition of English words:
- •3. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the questions:
- •6. Find the following word combinations in
- •7.Translate into English:
- •8. Have you ever seen how a robot works? Where did you see it and what
- •9 .Mr. Kosov, a reporter from the University newspaper, is talking to Paul,
- •1. Read and learn the new words, write them down into your vocabulary:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Find the following words and word combi-nations in the text:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •8. Find equivalents in the text:
- •9. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •10. List as many car systems as possible. Compare your list with the
- •11.Philip, a student of Automotive Engineering, has met his friend Alex in
- •5.Read and translate the text:
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •7.Find the following in the text:
- •8.Translate into English:
- •9.Answer the questions:
- •10.Arrange the operation stages of a typical automatic vehicle control.
- •1. Read and learn the new words, write them down into your vocabulary:
- •2. Make 10 sentences with the words given above.
- •3. Read and translate the text:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •5. Find the following word combinations in the text:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •7.Additional text
- •8. Answer the questions:
- •9. Find the following words and word combi-nations in the text:
- •10.Discuss the following questions.
- •11.Some students are at the exhibition "History of Cars". Read their con-versation with the guide and learn how the first automobiles looked like.
- •12. Complete the dialogues.
- •13.Correct mistakes.
- •14.Translate the sentences into English using your active vocabulary.
- •1. Read and learn the new words, write them down into your vocabulary:
- •2. Read and find their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •3. Find the translation:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the questions:
- •6. Find English equivalents in the text:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8.Discuss the following questions.
- •9.Oleg hasnt seen his friend Paul for a long time. Read the dialogue
- •14. Reading and Speaking
- •1. Discuss the following questions.
- •2. Read and learn the new words, write them down into your vocabulary:
- •3. Cross out the odd word. All the words in the line should belong to one
- •4. These two sentences have a different structure but the same
- •5. Restore the original sentences.
- •6.Correct mistakes.
- •7.Read and translate the text in writing:
- •13. Engineers make use of machine tools in all their activities. List as many
- •14.Paul, a student of Mechanical Engineering, has visited an exhibition
- •15. Complete the dialogues.
- •15. Correct mistakes in the following sentences.
- •16. Translate the sentences into English using your active vocabulary.
- •1. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents.
- •2. Match the words with the opposite meaning.
- •3. Find in в the derivatives from the
- •13. Complete the dialogue.
- •14. Match the Russian words with their English equivalents.
- •4. Complete the following dialogues.
- •5.Match a line in a with a line in b.
- •6. Find the English equivalents in в to the Russian words in a.
- •7.Make all possible sentences, matching the actions that take place at the same time.
- •8. Explain why these things happen.
- •9. Expand the following sentences as shown in the example.
- •10.If none of the switches are working something must be wrong with
- •11.Match the beginning of each sentence with its end.
- •12. Read the text attentively and learn about the most common faults in the car and the ways to repair them.
- •13.Correct mistakes in the following sentences.
- •14.Translate the sentences into English using your active vocabulary.
- •16.Andrew has his practice at the steel works. Read his conversation
- •1. Discuss the following questions.
- •2. Read and learn the new words, write them down into your vocabulary:
- •3. Read the students' conversation and learn how holograms are made.
- •4. Complete the dialogues,
- •5. Match a line in a with a line in b.
- •6.Find in в the English equivalents to the Ukrainian words in a.
- •7. Match the words with the similar meaning.
- •8. Divide these words into four columns according to their part of speech.
- •9. Say how you want these things changed.
- •19. Discuss the following questions.
- •20. Alice meets her friend Andrew in the University library. Read their
- •21. Complete the dialogue.
- •1. Take a piece of paper and within one minute put down your
- •2. Read and learn the new words, write them down into your vocabulary:
- •3. Read the engineers' conversation and learn about the latest
- •4. Complete the dialogues.
- •5. Match a line in a with a line in b.
- •6.Match the words with the similar meaning.
- •7. Make up all possible word combinations.
- •8. Find in в the derivatives from the words in a.
- •9.How do you find these ideas? Use the table to make your own sentences and express your opinion.
- •10. A) Say if it is impossible (hard, difficult, easy, etc.) to do these things.
- •11. Insert prepositions (at, of, without, instead of) if necessary.
- •12.Correct mistakes in the following sentences.
- •13.Translate the sentences into English using your active vocabulary.
- •14. You already know quite a lot about robots. Discuss the following
- •15.Read the text attentively to find something new about robots. Robots in Perspective
- •16. Provide extensive answers to the following questions.
- •17. Will you agree to these statements? Give reasons for your opinion.
- •18. Will you agree with the following statements? Give your reasons.
- •19. Correct mistakes.
- •20. Translate the sentences using your active vocabulary.
- •1. Discuss the following questions.
- •2. Read and learn the new words, write them down into your vocabulary:
- •3. Read the conversation and learn what a laser is and how it works.
- •4. Complete the dialogue.
- •5. Match a line in a with a line in b.
- •6.Match the words with the similar meaning.
- •7. Find in the list these parts of speech.
- •8. To make a hologram is rather difficult. Making a hologram is rather difficult.
- •9. Restore the original sentences.
- •10. Translate the sentences into English using your active vocabulary.
- •11. Study the text for more detailed information about lasers. The Past and the Future of the Laser
- •12.Provide detailed answers to these questions.
- •13.Explain what the author means by the following statements.
- •4. Complete the dialogue.
- •5. Match a line in a with a line in b.
- •5. Read the article attentively and learn how scientists try to establish
- •Interstellar communication.
- •6. Say if the following statements are true or false. Correct the false
- •7. Find in в the English equivalents to the Ukranian words in a.
- •8.Make up all possible word combinations.
- •9. Find in each line the derivative from the first word.
- •10. Explain the difference between these sentences.
- •12. Correct mistakes.
- •13.Translate the sentences into Ukrainian using your active vocabulary.
- •1. Read the text translate it in writing:
- •3. Read this text attentively and learn some facts from robot history.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Complete the sentences.
- •6.Expand these sentences with the facts from the text.
- •Contents:
4. Complete the dialogues,
a)- I wonder, ... now.
- …
- What is he doing there?
- …
b) - I suppose it is not easy to ...
-Why?... I have just seen ...
- ... ? It is difficult to imagine ...
- …
c)-...
-A hologram is ...
- Can it be produced at home?…
- What equipment do I need?
-Well, ...
5. Match a line in a with a line in b.
А В
1. Where is Denis? a) Oh, really?
2. It's rather difficult to make a hologram, b) In the lab.
isn't it? c) Indeed.
3. I can't imagine Paul experimenting with d) Neither can I.
a laser beam. e) You are welcome.
4. Holograms can be made at home. f) Actually, no.
5. You can watch me doing a hologram right now.
6. Thank you for the information
6.Find in в the English equivalents to the Ukrainian words in a.
А В
1. плівка a) image b) film c) coating
2. видимий a) visible b)seen c) sensitive
3. розбивати a) to split b) to remove c) to record
4. однокольоровий a) ultrasonic b) sound c) monochromatic
5. відбивати a) to reflect b) to emboss c) to belong
6. початковий a) first b) original с) early
7. Match the words with the similar meaning.
visible single-colour
to separate to coat
monochromatic whole
to light spectator
to cover viewable
image to split
complete to illuminate
viewer picture
8. Divide these words into four columns according to their part of speech.
normally, theorist, originally, incidentally, imperfect, achievement, considerably, numerous, vibrate, viewable, spread, reflection, viewer, multidimensional, specialize, holographic, sensitive, interference, monochromatic, insulate, typically, directly, split
9. Say how you want these things changed.
EXAMPLE: A: The laser is out of order (to fix)
B: I'd like to have (see, get, etc.) the laser fixed.
1. The beam-splitter has gone wrong (to test).
2. The hologram has been badly produced (to reproduce).
3. The green safelights are out of order (to repair).
4. The dimensions of the object are badly measured (to measure them
again).
5. The equipment for making a hologram is not ready yet (to prepare).
6. The TV-set is producing a lot of noise (to switch off).
10. Restore the original sentences.
1. being made, to see, I'd like, a hologram
2. properties, having, this group of substances, valuable, is
considered
3. many faults, is assumed, having, the device
4. is found, the splitter device, many advantages, revealing
5. reported, the engineers, improving, the quality of a hologram, are
6. being, the wavelength, short, extremely, is known
11. Translate the following compound nouns into Ukrainian.
electron microscope rainbow hologram
light source quality control
laser light stress analysis
12. Technological progress supplies us with unusual things and holograms are a good example. Scan the text to find answers to these questions.
1. What is the difference between holography and a hologram?
2. Who discovered the holographic effect?
3. How was the word hologram coined?
4. What was the aim of Dennis Gabor's research?
5. Was the aim achieved?
6. Why were first holograms imperfect?
7. When was the first laser operated?
8. What are the basic types of holograms?,
13. Read the text attentively to learn more about holography.
Holography and Holograms
History. Holography and hologram are normally referred to as a process and as a plate or film itself respectively. In 1947 Dennis Gabor (the father and the first theorist of holography, awarded with the Nobel prize for his research) coined the term hologram from the Greek words 'holos' meaning whole or complete and 'gram' meaning message. Gabor's theory was originally intended to increase the resolving power of electron microscopes. Incidentally, it was proved not with an electron beam, but with a light beam. The result was the first hologram ever made. Gabor's hologram was clear, but imperfect, as he lacked the correct light source - the LASER, which was first seen operating in 1960.
Types. The latest achievements in laser technologies being applied, holography has developed considerably. Numerous types of holograms can be noticed operating everywhere. The following are considered the most frequent:
transmission holograms. They are viewable with laser light when
both beams approach the film from the same side;
reflection (white-light) holograms. These are viewable with white
light from a suitable source (spotlight, flashlight, the sun, etc.)
when both beams approach the film from the opposite sides;
multiple-channel (rainbow) holograms. These holograms with
several images are not only visible from different angles; they also
change colour at each new angle;
real-image holograms. They produce the image in front of the plate
towards the viewer. Most holograms in holography museums are
of this type.
Application. Holography being an art that attracts people's attention and curiosity, colourful multidimensional images are widely used in advertising, stamps, jewelry, with holography museums exhibiting masterpieces. Credit cards are considered original if supplied with a hologram. Holographic lenses are lighter than traditional lenses and mirrors and can be designed to perform more specialized functions, for instance, to make the panel instruments of a car visible in the windshield in order to increase safety. Holographic interferometry (a very precise technique used for measuring changes in the dimensions of an object) is widely used in industrial stress analysis and quality control. The list of applications may be continued indefinitely.
14. Match the following noun compounds with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. laser beam а інтерференційна картина
2. beam splitter b) промінь лазера
3. reference beam с) роздільник луча
4. object beam
5. interference pattern d) опорний промінь
e) об’єктний промінь
15. Write a 'How to Make a Hologram' guide for those who want to create holograms at home. Cover the following questions.
1. What is a hologram?
2. How is it created?
3. What special equipment is necessary?
4. What must everyone remember while making a hologram?
5. Where can holograms be applied?
You can start like this:
1. A hologram is a three-dimensional image. It is created when laser
light ...
2. To produce a hologram at home ...
3. ...
16.Insert the necessary prepositions.
1. I'm going to study the properties ... some materials.
2. Julia is interested ... elasticity.
3. Steel tools have grown ... popularity.
4. The student plans to carry ... his research on materials engineer¬ing.
5. We use metals ... different engineering purposes.
6. Steel may be pressed ... a new shape.
17.Correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Metals which are used in industry may to be called engineering metals.
2. He wasn't allowed determine the constituents of this steel.
3. The majority of metals may to become harder after they have been cold-worked.
4. You doesn't may carry out the investigation here.
5. The students be allowed to practise in the rolling mill yesterday.
6. Will be I allowed to use the mobile equipment?
18.Translate the sentences into English using your active vocabulary.
1. Тепер ви можете досліджувати властивості легованих сталей
2. Вчора нам дозволили спостерігати, як очищають залізо.
3. Скажіть, будь ласка, які властивості має вуглецева сталь і чому вона використовується найширше?
4. Можу я запитати: чому ця сталь не іржавітиме?
5. Високоміцні сталеві сплави можуть включати всілякі елементи.
6.Вуглецева сталь не може використовуватися для виготовлення шасі літака.