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8. Answer the questions:

1. How can a process of welding be defined?

2. What are the two main groups of processes of weld¬ing?

3. How can we join metal parts together?

4. What is welding used for nowadays?

5. Where is welding necessary?

6. What do the welding processes of today include?

7. What are the principles of gas welding?

8. What kinds of welding can be used for joining steels?

9. What does arc welding require?

10. What is the difference between the arc welding and shielded-metal welding?

9. Find the following words and word combi-nations in the text:

1. зварка тиском

2. теплова зварка

3. болтове (клепане) з'єднання

4. процес зварки

5. залежати від властивостей металів

6. наявне устаткування

7. зварювальний електрод

8. плавкий матеріал

9. дефектний зварний шов

10. безперервна подача електричного струму

11. електрична дуга

12. джерело електричного струму

10.Discuss the following questions.

a) Why are there so many models of cars today?

b) How does the car design influence your choice of cars?

c) A car designer is a very prestigious profession nowadays. Can you explain why?

11.Some students are at the exhibition "History of Cars". Read their con-versation with the guide and learn how the first automobiles looked like.

Guide: ...If you look to the right you will see the first self-propelled

steam-driven vehicle.

Alex: Who was it designed by?

Guide: It was designed by the French military engineer Cugnot in

1763. You see, it had three wheels and could carry only two

passengers.

Helen: What was the maximum speed of this vehicle?

Guide: Four miles per hour. And it stopped every 15 minutes in

order to make more steam.

Alex: Oh, that's not very comfortable.

Guide: Definitely not. But new motor cars with gasoline and diesel

engines were introduced at the end of the 19th century.

Look at that small car without a roof. It was constructed in 1893.

Alex: And where was the engine placed?

Guide: Right under the seat. The drivers always carried large cans

of fuel and some spare tyres with them because there were

no repair stations to serve them.

Paul: Unbelievable. I wouldn't like to be in these drivers' place.

And what about that beautiful car? It seems pretty modern,

doesn't it?

Guide: Well, that one is a famous Volkswagen Beetle, one of the

world's most loved cars.

Alex: And why has it become so popular?

Guide: I think, mostly because of its design and low cost.

Helen: These cars are still in operation, aren't they?

Guide: Yes, they are. I'm sure they will be produced even in greater

numbers in the future.

12. Complete the dialogues.

1. A: -...?

B: -It was designed by Cugnot.

A: -When was it designed?

B:-...

A: -...?

B: -Well, the maximum speed was ....

2. A: -This small car was constructed in 1893.

B:-...?

A: -It was placed under the seat. ...

B: -Why?

A: -..., because at that time there were no repair stations.

B.-...?

A: -That is a famous Volkswagen Beetle.

B: -...?

A: -Yes, they are. And they will be produced in the future.

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