2. Составьте предложения с инфинитивом в функции подлежащего.

Example: It is important to repay loans in time. To repay loans in time is important.

1) It is essential to keep economy as close as possible to full employment with low inflation. 2) It is more typical to issue bonds for the period of several years. 3) It makes sense to pay by plastic card rather than hold hard currency and run the risk of losing out due to fluctuations in exchange rate. 4) It has for centuries been the function of money to serve as a medium of exchange. 5) It is convenient to carry travelers’ cheques because you can cash them whenever you may need.

Инфинитив в функции определения

An Attribute

Инфинитив в функции определения стоит после существительного, отвечает на вопрос «какой?» и переводится: существительным с предлогом; There are plans to introduce new bills. Есть планы по введению новых банкнот. придаточным предложением, начинающимся со слова «который»; He is the man to do this work. Он тот человек, который выполнит эту работу. инфинитив в пассивной форме обычно выполняет функцию определения и переводится придаточным предложением со словом «который». This is a serious question to be put at the meeting. Это серьезный вопрос, который будет поставлен на собрании.

Инфинитив как часть сложного сказуемого

Part of Predicate

глаголы to have, to be в сочетании с инфинитивом могут выражать долженствование; The price is to increase by 7%. Цена должна повыситься на 7%. I have to go now. Сейчас я должен уйти. глагол to be в сочетании с инфинитивом переводится как «состоит в том, чтобы/заключается в том, чтобы» после таких слов, как: purpose/aim/goal/object – цель, task/target – задача, intention – намерение, measure – мера, approach – подход, step – шаг, the main thing – главное и т.д. The goal is to increase productivity. Цель состоит в том, чтобы повысить производительность.

Упражнения

1. Переведите фразы и предложения, учитывая особенности перевода инфинитива в функции определения и части сложного сказуемого.

A words to be memorized; the poem to be learnt by heart; exercises to be done at home; techniques to be used in construction; circumstances to be reckoned with.

B 1) He is not the man to leave his work half finished. 2) Не was the man to attract sympathy. 3) He is not a man to make a woman happy. 4) This is the main difficulty to be taken into consideration. 5) What are the rules to be kept when writing a cheque? – Don’t sign a cheque before filling in the sum to be paid. 6) By cardinal change of policy we mean the way to reach the ultimate goal. 4) Stabilization policy is government actions to control the level of output in order to keep the GNP close to its full-employment level. 5) It's a chance not to be missed. 6) Too high prices of resources to be used in production is the problem of many enterprises. 7) Durable goods are goods to be used in production in future or to be consumed over a long period of time. 8) The value of the total output to be produced in the public sector and the private sector will make up the gross national sector. 9) The money will be used to pay for natural gas to be delivered to the country by Gazprom. 10) Interest rates are a tool to regulate the market.

C 1) We are to see her tonight. 2) She reminded him that they were to meet at eight-fifteen that morning. 3) He was not to be found. 4) Am I to congratulate you? 5) I was to leave you. 6) The aim was to maintain inflation at a low level. 7) The problem was to be solved by the end of the year. 8) The producers' target was to get the highest possible profit. 9) The terms of payment and immediate payment of delivery charges by confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit are to be standard.

D 1) You don't have to worry. 2) Something has to be done at once. 3) Enterprises have to rely more on intensification of production. 4) Even the simplest building materials have to be brought from far away. 5) The Russian economy has to find new sources of growth. 6) The gasoline component is included in the production cost of any commodity that has to be transported to retail outlets. 7) People have more freedom and simultaneously have to bear more responsibility.