General appearance

Obvious apparent features as the patient (to enter) __________ the consulting room and in the course of taking the history (e.g. mobility problem or deafness)

Jaundice, suggestion of Anaemia (pale colour of skin or conjunctiva), Cyanosis (blue coloration of lips or extremities), Clubbing of fingernails, Oedema of ankles, Lymph nodes of neck, armpits, groins.

Organ systems

Cardiovascular system

Blood pressure, pulse rate and rhythm.

Jugular venous pressure (JVP), peripheral oedema and evidence for pulmonary oedema.

Precordial exam (cardiac exam)

Lungs

Respiratory rate, chest expansion, lung auscultation

Breasts

Abdomen

Abdominal examination (to note) __________ in particular any tenderness, bloating, organ enlargement, or aortic aneurysm.

No abdominal examination (to be) ______ complete without a Rectal examination

Genitalia

Musculoskeletal system

Nervous system, including mental status

Head and neck

Skin

Check of the hair to see if the hair growth (to recede) _______________ (baldness) or there is loss of hair (alopecia).

Check of the skin (to tell) _________ if there (to be) ________ marks such as hemangioma or strawberry marks or changes to the skin. Dark spots on the skin (to be) ______ also places where cancerous changes can (to appear) ____________ because the face, head and neck (to be)______ most usually sun exposed. Specific skin conditions may (to associate) ___________________ with specific diseases.

Carbohydrates, Protein, Cholesterol, Fat, Fiber

Carbohydrates

Description: Carbohydrates (to be) ______ your body's main energy source. Complex carbohydrates (to include) __________ legumes [‘legjumz], beans, grains, and starchy vegetables such as potatoes, peas and corn. Simple carbohydrates, also called sugars, (to find) _____________mainly in fruits and milk, as well as in foods made with sugar, such as candy and other sweets.

Recommendation: Get 45 percent to 65 percent of your daily calories — at least 130 grams a day — from carbohydrates. Emphasize complex carbohydrates, especially from whole grains and beans, and nutrient-rich fruits and milk. Limit sugars from candy and other sweets.

Cholesterol

Description: Cholesterol (to be) ______ vital to the structure and function of all your cells, but it (to be) _____ also the main substance in fatty deposits (plaques) that can (to develop) _______ in your arteries. Your body (to make) _________ all of the cholesterol it (to need) _________ for cell function. You (to get) ________ additional cholesterol by eating animal foods, such as meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, dairy products and butter.

Recommendation: Limit your intake of cholesterol to no more than 300 milligrams a day.

Cholesterol

Description: Cholesterol (to be) ______ vital to the structure and function of all your cells, but it (to be) _____ also the main substance in fatty deposits (plaques) that can (to develop) _______ in your arteries. Your body (to make) _________ all of the cholesterol it (to need) _________ for cell function. You (to get) ________ additional cholesterol by eating animal foods, such as meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, dairy products and butter.

Recommendation: Limit your intake of cholesterol to no more than 300 milligrams a day.

Fat

Description: Fats (to help) _______ your body (to absorb) __________ many essential vitamins, (to maintain) _____________the structure and function of cell membranes, and (to preserve) ____________ the integrity of your immune system. But fat (to be) _____ a very concentrated energy source. Fat (to provide) __________ twice as many calories per gram as carbohydrates and protein. And too much of certain types of fat — such as saturated fat can (to increase) __________ your blood cholesterol levels and your risk of coronary artery disease.

Recommendation: Limit fat to 20 percent to 35 percent of your daily calories. Emphasize fats from healthier sources, such as nuts and olive, and peanut oils.

Saturated fat

Description: Saturated fat (to find) _____________ most often in animal products, such as red meat, poultry, butter and whole milk. Other foods high in saturated fat (to include) ____________ coconut, palm and other tropical oils. Saturated fat (to be) _________ the main dietary culprit (cause) in raising your blood cholesterol and increasing your risk of coronary artery disease.

Recommendation: Limit your daily intake of saturated fat to no more than 10 percent of your total calories. For most women, this (to mean) ___________ no more than 20 grams a day, and for most men this (to mean) __________ no more than 24 grams a day.

Fiber

Description: Fiber (to be) _____ the part of plant foods that your body (not to digest and to absorb) __________________________. There (to be) _______ two basic types: soluble and insoluble. Vegetables, wheat bran and other whole grains (to be) _______ good sources of insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber may (to help) ____________ (to improve) ____________ your cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Oats, dried beans and some fruits, such as apples and oranges, (to be) _______ good sources of soluble fiber.

Recommendation: Women (to need) ______________ 21 to 25 grams of fiber a day, and men (to need) ____________ 30 to 38 grams of fiber a day.

Protein

Description: Protein [‘prouti:n] (to be) _____ essential to human life. Your skin, bones, muscles and organ tissue all (to contain) _____________ protein. It (to find) _________________ in your blood, hormones and enzymes [‘enzaimz] too. Protein (to find) ____________ in many plant foods. It (to come) ____________ from animal sources as well. Legumes, poultry, seafood, meat, dairy products, nuts and seeds (to be) ______ your richest sources of protein.

Recommendation: Between 10 percent and 35 percent of your total daily calories — at least 46 grams a day for women and 56 grams a day for men — can come from protein.