- •Видо-временные формы в текстовых тестах
- •Requirements to the exam in english
- •Read and translate the following text for patients
- •Translate the following text from the book “Complete Guide of Prescription and Non-Prescription Drugs”
- •Translate the following questions to the patient
- •4. Topics for discussion
- •About myself
- •Kirov State Medical Academy
- •Conversational formulas
- •At the press conference
- •Kirov Regional Teaching Hospital
- •Some facts and figures of the who
- •Doctor – patient questionnaire
- •Outstanding doctors from vyatka land
- •Muscles and muscle diseases
- •Inflammatory muscle disorders
- •Bones and bone and joint diseases bones of the human skeleton
- •Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis
- •Osteoporosis
- •Bacteria and visruses. Bacterial and viral diseases.
- •Certain types of bacteria (to be) _______ also capable of sexual reproduction through bacterial conjugation.
- •Anatomy and physiology of the heart. Heart diseases
- •Inflammation (to know) _________________ to be an important step in the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation.
- •In difficult cases or in situations where intervention to restore blood flow (to be) _____ appropriate, coronary angiography can (to perform) _______________.
- •In wilderness first aid, a possible heart attack (to justify) ____________ evacuation by the fastest available means, including medevac, even in the earliest or precursor stages.
- •Blood diseases
- •The main Forms (to include) ____________________
- •In humans, the incidence of vWd (to be) ______ roughly about 1 in 100 individuals.
- •Blood vessels and diseases of blood vessels
- •Treatment
- •Anatomy and physiology of the gi tract and gi diseases
- •The lower gastrointestinal tract (to consist) ____________ of the small intestine and the large intestine.
- •Gastritis (to be) ____ inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
- •Parasites can (to cause) ______________ dehydrating diarrhoea in infants.
- •Alcoholic Hepatitis
- •Pancreas and diseases of the pancreas
- •Anatomy
- •The pancreatic duct (to empty) ___________ into the second part of the duodenum. The common bile duct commonly (to join) ___________ the pancreatic duct at or near this point.
- •Less common causes (to include)
- •Investigations may (to include):
- •Treatment
- •Complications may (to include)
- •Epidemiology
- •About 95 percent of pancreatic tumors (to be) ______ adenocarcinomas. The remaining 5 percent (to include) ______________ other tumors of the exocrine pancreas.
- •Pancreatic cancer occasionally may (to result) _______________ in diabetes.
- •Diseases of the nervous system
- •Respiratory diseases
- •Fast fact
- •The endocrine system and endocrine diseases
- •The urinary system and urinary tract diseases
- •The ophthalmology department of kirov state medical academy
- •Eyes and eye diseases
- •Anatomy of the mammalian eye
- •Blindness
- •Glaucoma
- •Cataract
- •Skin and skin diseases
- •Bath solutions and moisturizers (to help) ________ sooth affected skin and reduce the dryness.
- •The most common types of common eczemas (to include) ____________________
- •Occasionally, the diagnosis may also (to involve) _______ a skin
- •The immune system
- •Lifestyle
- •In times of temptation...
- •It's a mind game...
- •Obesity
- •Certain populations and individuals may (to be) ______ more prone to obesity than others
- •Physical examination
- •General appearance
- •Organ systems
- •Carbohydrates, Protein, Cholesterol, Fat, Fiber
- •Make up questions and question your fellow students
- •Supplements supplement 1 rules of reading
- •Supplement 2 patterns of medication summaries
- •Supplement 3 symptoms symptoms of heart diseases
- •Symptoms of digestive disorders
- •Symptoms of bone, joint and muscle disorders
- •Clinical manifestations of liver disease
- •Symptoms of infectious diseases
- •Symptoms of brain and nerve disorders
- •The most common patterns of medical interviewing
- •Supplement 4 synonyms
- •Supplement 5
- •Doctor - patient questionnaire
- •(From the Medical Center of Flemington, the State of New Jersey, the usa)
- •Supplement 6
- •Supplement 7 diseases of the bones, joints and muscles
- •Diseases of the liver and gallbladder
- •Diseases of the cardiocirculatory system
- •Diseases of the nervous system
- •Diseases of the vascular system and blood diseases
- •Diseases of the respiratory system
- •Supplement 8 a brief review of kirov state medical academy: facts and figures
- •Ksma’s official address: 112, Karl Marx Street, Kirov, 610000, Russia
- •Supplement 9 tense and voice forms active voice
- •Supplement 10 the most communicative proverbs and sayings
- •Supplement 11 primary lexical minimum for students and postgraduates
- •Supplement 12 tests
- •Test in synonyms
- •Clinical test
- •Test in clinical topics
- •Supplement 13 Patterns for retelling texts on diseases
- •Supplement 14 medication summaries penicillins
- •If you forget a dose:
- •Infrequent:
- •Infants & children:
- •Interacts with combined effect
The immune system
The immune system (to be) ______ the system of specialized cells and organs that (to protect) ____________ an organism from outside biological influences. When the immune system (to function) __________________ properly, it (to protect) _______________ the body against bacteria and viral infections, destroying cancer cells and foreign substances. If the immune system (to weaken) __________, its ability to defend the body also (to weaken) ____________, allowing pathogens, including viruses that (to cause) _________________ common colds and flu, to grow and flourish in the body. The immune system also (to perform) _______________ surveillance [se:’veilns] of tumor cells, and immune suppression (to increase) __________________ the risk of certain types of cancer.
The immune system (to divide) ___________________ often into two sections: innate [‘i’neit] immunity and acquired immunity.
Innate [‘i’neit] immunity (to comprise) ____________________ of hereditary components. These components [kem’pounents] (to provide) _____________ an immediate "first-line" of defense to continuously ward off pathogens.
Acquired immunity (to manufacture) _____________ antibodies (a type of protein) and T-cells specifically designed to target particular pathogens,. The body can (to develop) ____________ a specific immunity to particular pathogens.
The most important function of the human immune system (to occur) _____________ at the cellular level of the blood and tissues. The lymphatic and blood circulation systems (to be) __________ highways for specialized white blood cells to travel around the body. White blood cells (to include) ____________ B cells, T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Each group (to have) ________ a different responsibility, but all the cells (to function) _____________ . They (to recognize) ___________, (to attack) ______________ and (to destroy) ________________ bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and all substances seen as foreign.
There (to be) _______ many disorders of the human immune system, e.g. AIDS (to be) ____"Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome", an infectious disease caused by the HIV virus, type I diabetes (sometimes called "juvenile onset diabetes"), multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Many factors can also (to contribute) ______________ to the general weakening of the immune system:
Malnutrition (unbalanced diet / poor eating habits that(to cause) __________ a lack of vitamins and minerals)
Alcohol abuse
Drug abuse either intravenous or other.
Medications (particularly the use of anti-cancer drugs, corticosteroids, and antibiotics);
Radiation
Exposure to certain environmental toxins (e.g. cigarette smoke)
Stress/Depression - Research shows that psychological stress can greatly (to increase) ___________ your susceptibility to colds and other viral diseases
Age - Ability of the immune system to respond (to decrease) ______________ at early and old age.
Decreased ability to heal due to disease or medications (i.e. Diabetes, corticosteroids, immune suppressant drugs)
Inadequate sleep
Lack of exercise as well as excessive exercise resulting in physiological stress
Diseases either infectious or other causing more depression on the immune system like:
Cancer, and hematological malignancy (such as leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma) in particular.
Diabetes Mellitus
Nephrotic syndrome
Viral infections i.e. viral respiratory infections
HIV
Ulcerative colitis
Liver disease / cirrhosis
Autoimmunity (to be) ____ the failure of an organism to recognise its own constituent parts. Autoimmunity (to result) ______________ in an immune response against its own cells and tissues. Any disease that (to result) ____________ from such an aberrant [ae’berent] (abnormal) immune response (to term) __________ an autoimmune disease. The prominent examples (to be) ______ Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). It (to establish) ____________________ now well that certain individuals (to be) ______ genetically susceptible to the development of autoimmune diseases.
Sex also (to seem) ______ to have a major role in the development of autoimmunity; most of the known autoimmune diseases (to tend) ___________ to show a female preponderance [pri’ponderens]. Slight exchange of cells between mothers and their children during pregnancy may (to induce) _________ autoimmunity. Certain chemical agents and drugs can also (to associate) _______________with the genesis [‘dzenisis] of autoimmune conditions.
Autoimmune diseases can (to divide) ______________ broadly into systemic and organ-specific or localised autoimmune disorders. This classification (to depend) ________________ on the principal clinico-pathologic features of each disease.
Systemic syndromes (to include) ____________ Sjögren's syndrome, Scleroderma, Rheumatoid Arthritis and polymyositis.
Local syndromes may (to be) ________ endocrinologic (diabetes, dermatologic, haematologic (autoimmune haemolytic anaemia), neural (multiple sclerosis).
Diagnosis of autoimmune disorders largely (to rest) __________ on accurate history, physical examination of the patient, routine laboratory tests (example, elevated C-reactive protein), serological assays [e’seiz] which can (to detect) ____________ specific autoantibodies. Localised disorders (to diagnose) ____________ best by immunofluorescence of biopsy specimens [‘spesiminz].
Autoimmune diseases can (to divide) ______________ broadly into systemic and organ-specific or localised autoimmune disorders. This classification (to depend) ________________ on the principal clinico-pathologic features of each disease.
Systemic syndromes (to include) ____________ Sjögren's syndrome, Scleroderma, Rheumatoid Arthritis and polymyositis.
Local syndromes may (to be) ________ endocrinologic (diabetes, dermatologic, haematologic (autoimmune haemolytic anaemia), neural (multiple sclerosis).
Diagnosis of autoimmune disorders largely (to rest) __________ on accurate history, physical examination of the patient, routine laboratory tests (example, elevated C-reactive protein), serological assays [e’seiz] which can (to detect) ____________ specific autoantibodies. Localised disorders (to diagnose) ____________ best by immunofluorescence of biopsy OF SPECIMEN.