- •Видо-временные формы в текстовых тестах
- •Requirements to the exam in english
- •Read and translate the following text for patients
- •Translate the following text from the book “Complete Guide of Prescription and Non-Prescription Drugs”
- •Translate the following questions to the patient
- •4. Topics for discussion
- •About myself
- •Kirov State Medical Academy
- •Conversational formulas
- •At the press conference
- •Kirov Regional Teaching Hospital
- •Some facts and figures of the who
- •Doctor – patient questionnaire
- •Outstanding doctors from vyatka land
- •Muscles and muscle diseases
- •Inflammatory muscle disorders
- •Bones and bone and joint diseases bones of the human skeleton
- •Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis
- •Osteoporosis
- •Bacteria and visruses. Bacterial and viral diseases.
- •Certain types of bacteria (to be) _______ also capable of sexual reproduction through bacterial conjugation.
- •Anatomy and physiology of the heart. Heart diseases
- •Inflammation (to know) _________________ to be an important step in the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation.
- •In difficult cases or in situations where intervention to restore blood flow (to be) _____ appropriate, coronary angiography can (to perform) _______________.
- •In wilderness first aid, a possible heart attack (to justify) ____________ evacuation by the fastest available means, including medevac, even in the earliest or precursor stages.
- •Blood diseases
- •The main Forms (to include) ____________________
- •In humans, the incidence of vWd (to be) ______ roughly about 1 in 100 individuals.
- •Blood vessels and diseases of blood vessels
- •Treatment
- •Anatomy and physiology of the gi tract and gi diseases
- •The lower gastrointestinal tract (to consist) ____________ of the small intestine and the large intestine.
- •Gastritis (to be) ____ inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
- •Parasites can (to cause) ______________ dehydrating diarrhoea in infants.
- •Alcoholic Hepatitis
- •Pancreas and diseases of the pancreas
- •Anatomy
- •The pancreatic duct (to empty) ___________ into the second part of the duodenum. The common bile duct commonly (to join) ___________ the pancreatic duct at or near this point.
- •Less common causes (to include)
- •Investigations may (to include):
- •Treatment
- •Complications may (to include)
- •Epidemiology
- •About 95 percent of pancreatic tumors (to be) ______ adenocarcinomas. The remaining 5 percent (to include) ______________ other tumors of the exocrine pancreas.
- •Pancreatic cancer occasionally may (to result) _______________ in diabetes.
- •Diseases of the nervous system
- •Respiratory diseases
- •Fast fact
- •The endocrine system and endocrine diseases
- •The urinary system and urinary tract diseases
- •The ophthalmology department of kirov state medical academy
- •Eyes and eye diseases
- •Anatomy of the mammalian eye
- •Blindness
- •Glaucoma
- •Cataract
- •Skin and skin diseases
- •Bath solutions and moisturizers (to help) ________ sooth affected skin and reduce the dryness.
- •The most common types of common eczemas (to include) ____________________
- •Occasionally, the diagnosis may also (to involve) _______ a skin
- •The immune system
- •Lifestyle
- •In times of temptation...
- •It's a mind game...
- •Obesity
- •Certain populations and individuals may (to be) ______ more prone to obesity than others
- •Physical examination
- •General appearance
- •Organ systems
- •Carbohydrates, Protein, Cholesterol, Fat, Fiber
- •Make up questions and question your fellow students
- •Supplements supplement 1 rules of reading
- •Supplement 2 patterns of medication summaries
- •Supplement 3 symptoms symptoms of heart diseases
- •Symptoms of digestive disorders
- •Symptoms of bone, joint and muscle disorders
- •Clinical manifestations of liver disease
- •Symptoms of infectious diseases
- •Symptoms of brain and nerve disorders
- •The most common patterns of medical interviewing
- •Supplement 4 synonyms
- •Supplement 5
- •Doctor - patient questionnaire
- •(From the Medical Center of Flemington, the State of New Jersey, the usa)
- •Supplement 6
- •Supplement 7 diseases of the bones, joints and muscles
- •Diseases of the liver and gallbladder
- •Diseases of the cardiocirculatory system
- •Diseases of the nervous system
- •Diseases of the vascular system and blood diseases
- •Diseases of the respiratory system
- •Supplement 8 a brief review of kirov state medical academy: facts and figures
- •Ksma’s official address: 112, Karl Marx Street, Kirov, 610000, Russia
- •Supplement 9 tense and voice forms active voice
- •Supplement 10 the most communicative proverbs and sayings
- •Supplement 11 primary lexical minimum for students and postgraduates
- •Supplement 12 tests
- •Test in synonyms
- •Clinical test
- •Test in clinical topics
- •Supplement 13 Patterns for retelling texts on diseases
- •Supplement 14 medication summaries penicillins
- •If you forget a dose:
- •Infrequent:
- •Infants & children:
- •Interacts with combined effect
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis
from http://www.bbcnews.com
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (to be) _____ a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder. RA (to cause) ________ the immune system to attack the joints. RA (to be) _____ a disabling and painful inflammatory condition. It can (to lead) ______ to substantial loss of mobility [mou’biliti] due to pain and joint destruction. The disease (to be) ______ also systemic. It often also (to affect) _______ many extra-articular tissues throughout the body including the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs, and muscles. The symptoms (to be) ______ inflammation and soft-tissue swelling of many joints at the same time (polyarthritis), usually stiffness of all joints in the morning that (to last) ________ over 1 hour. Thus, the pain of rheumatoid arthritis (to be) ______ usually worse in the morning. Rheumatoid arthritis (to occur) ________ most frequently in the 20-40 age group, although can (to start) _________ at any age. Family history (to be) _____ an important risk factor. The disease (to affect) _________ females : males in a 3:1 ratio.
The American College of Rheumatology (to define) ___________ the following criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Morning stiffness of >1 hour.
Arthritis and soft-tissue swelling of >3 of 14 joints/joint groups
Arthritis of hand joints
Symmetric arthritis
Subcutaneous nodules in specific places
Rheumatoid factor
Radiological changes suggestive of joint erosion
When RA (to suspect) _________________ clinically, immunological studies (to require) ______________, such as rheumatoid factor. Also, several other blood tests are usually done to allow for other causes of arthritis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, full blood count, renal function, liver enzymes and immunological test (to perform) ________. Pharmacological treatment of RA can (to divide) ______________ into disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), anti-inflammatory agents and analgesics. DMARDs (to found) _______________________ to produce durable remissions. These drugs (to delay) __________ or (to halt) ________ disease progression. Other therapies (to be) _______ weight loss, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, joint injections, and special tools to improve hard movements (e.g. special tin-openers). Severely affected joints may (to require) _________ joint replacement surgery, such as knee replacement.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis mainly (to affect) _________ women after the age of the menopause, although men can (to have) _______ it too. It can (to occur) ________ in younger people if they (to have) _____________ other predisposing factors.
What (to cause) _________ it?
The condition (to occur) ________ because from around the age of 35 more bone cells (to lose) ___________ than (to replace) _______. This (to cause) _________ the bone density to decrease.
The first sign (to be) ______commonly when a minor bump or fall (to cause) ________ a bone fracture. These may (to result) ________ in pain, disability, loss of independence, and death. Osteoporosis may (to cause) ______________ people to 'shrink' as they (to get) _______ older. It (to cause) __________ the characteristic 'dowager's hump'.
Who (to affect) _______________?
About 3 million people in the UK (to have) _________ the condition, which (to be) ____ more common in women than men. Every year in the UK over 230,000 fractures (to occur) ________ because of osteoporosis. In the UK one in two women and one in five men over the age of 50 (to suffer) __________ a fracture.
After the menopause bone loss (to speed) __________ up making osteoporosis more likely. In women the risk (to increase) ____________ if they (to have) _________ an early menopause, (to have) __________ their ovaries removed before the menopause, or (to miss) _______ periods for six months or more as a result of over-exercising or over-dieting.
For men low levels of testosterone (to increase) ____________ the risk. For men and women long-term use of corticosteroid medication, maternal osteoporosis, smoking, heavy drinking, sedentary lifestyle, and low body weight all (to increase) _________ the risk.
Ways to prevent osteoporosis
You can (to help) _______ yourself by taking general measures such as the following:
Increasing the calcium in your diet.
Increasing weight-bearing exercise as this helps maintain bone density.
Reducing both alcohol intake and cigarette smoking.
Medication may (to include) ________________:
Calcium and vitamin D supplements.
A variety of hormone-type treatments including HRT, tibolone and SERMS.
Bisphosphonates (to be) _____ a group of drugs, which (to prevent) _________ bone breakdown and can (to be) ____ very effective in osteoporosis.
It(to) ____ better to prevent any condition than simply to manage it when it (to happen) _____________. Osteoporosis assessment and management (to be) ____ an important factor in maintaining the health of your bone structure as you (to enter) _______________ middle age.