
- •Передмова
- •Contents
- •Unit 11 metals
- •Look at the objects in the pictures. What metals do you think they are made of?
- •Name as many metals as you can? Where are they used?
- •Read the text and correct the statements that follow. Metals
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •15. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Passive.
- •16. Transform sentences from the Active into Passive Voice.
- •17. In the following description of how plastics are shaped, put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Passive.
- •Unit 12 mechanical properties
- •1. Look at the objects in the pictures. What materials do you think they are made of and why?
- •2. In pairs, discuss what is meant by mechanical properties. What mechanical properties do you know?
- •3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Mechanical Properties
- •4. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •5. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •6. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •7. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Listen to the text and answer the questions:
- •10. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- •12. Work in pairs. Discuss the following quotations with your partner.
- •14. In the following sentences underline the verbs and define the voice (Active / Passive).
- •15. Transform the sentences from the Active into Passive Voice, as in the example.
- •16. Put the questions into the Passive Voice.
- •17. Complete the following report of an accident which happened in a factory. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •Unit 13 numbers
- •How are numbers classified? Give examples of rational and irrational numbers.
- •Work in pairs. Take turns to give examples of everyday use of numbers in our lives. Look at the pictures and say the time.
- •Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •Numbers
- •8. Decide whether the statements below are true or false:
- •9. Listen and practise.
- •10. Listen to the conversations. Write the numbers.
- •15. Rewrite the sentences in the passive in two ways, as in the example.
- •16. Rewrite the sentences in the passive, where possible.
- •17. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Unit 14 numerals
- •1. Look at the picture and read the following Roman numerals.
- •3. Read the text and match the sentences (a-c) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text:
- •Numerals
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •7. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- •11. Discuss the following questions in small groups.
- •12. Make a short presentation on one of the following topics: "Maya numerals", "Babylonian numerals" or find another to your liking.
- •13. Choose one of the following quotations and explain what it means. Write a short paragraph (60 - 80 words) to express your opinion.
- •14. Match two parts to form conditional sentences.
- •15. Match the items in two columns in order to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example.
- •16. Underline the correct tense form in the following sentences.
- •17. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Add a comma where necessary.
- •Unit 15 geometric figures
- •1. Match the geometric figures to their names.
- •2. What other geometric figures do you know? Name the objects in the classroom that have the shape of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, arc, cube, cylinder, hexagon, etc.
- •3. Read the text and correct the statements that follow. Geometric Figures
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •16. Use the information from the table to complete the sentences below.
- •17. Complete the table of adverbs.
- •18. Four of the sentences below contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •Unit 16 measuring instruments
- •Match the measuring instruments to their names.
- •What do we use scales, thermometers, speedometers, clocks for? What other measuring instruments do you know? What are they used for?
- •Read the text about measuring instruments and complete sentences 1-5 with words from the text:
- •Measuring Instruments
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •14. Decide if the following nouns are countable or uncountable and write them in the appropriate column below.
- •15. Fill in the blanks with the where necessary.
- •16. Fill in the blanks with a / an or the where necessary.
- •17. Fill in the blanks with a / an or the where necessary.
- •Unit 17
- •Inventions
- •1. Match the invention to its inventor.
- •2. What do you think are the most outstanding inventions in human history? Why are they important?
- •3. Read the text and put the inventions in the chronological order:
- •Inventions
- •4. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (a-g).
- •5. Find mistakes in the following statements and correct them:
- •6. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •15. Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.
- •Unit 18 types of engines
- •Types of Engines
- •15. Underline the proper item to complete the sentences.
- •16. Fill in the gaps with little / a little or few / a few.
- •17. Fill in the gaps with little / a little or few / a few.
- •Unit 19
- •Industrial design
- •1. Work in pairs. Look at the products in the pictures. What do you think makes their design good or bad?
- •2. Why do you think design is necessary in industry?
- •3. Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •Industrial Design
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •7. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- •15. Fill in the gaps with many or much.
- •16. Put the following sentences in order from the most to the least.
- •17. Complete the sentences with the words given in brackets.
- •Unit 20 manufacturing
- •1. What do you think can be done to make manufacturing more environmentally friendly? Why is it important?
- •2. In pairs, discuss the benefits and problems of recycling technologies in manufacturing.
- •3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Manufacturing
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:
- •6. Find mistakes in the following statements and correct them:
- •7. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •15. Complete the following sentences using the correct prepositions.
- •16. Underline the correct preposition. Use dictionary if necessary.
- •17. Five of the following sentences contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •Grammar references Іменник (the Noun)
- •Артикль (the Article)
- •Неозначений артикль a/an
- •Означений артикль the
- •Артиклі не вживаються:
- •Займенник (the Pronoun)
- •Прикметник (the Adjective) / Прислівник (the Adverb)
- •Прийменник (the Preposition)
- •Числівник (the Numeral)
- •Порядок слів у розповідному, запитальному та заперечному реченні. Коротка відповідь на запитання.
- •I. Загальні запитання
- •I. Спеціальні запитання
- •III. Альтернативні запитання
- •IV. Розділові запитання
- •Дієслово (the Verb)
- •Утворення часів активного стану (див. Зведену таблицю часів активного стану)
- •Зведена таблиця часів активного стану (active voice)
- •Активний стан дієслова (the active voice) Часові форми дієслова
- •The Present Simple
- •The Past Simple
- •The Future Simple
- •The Present Continuous
- •The Past Continuous
- •The Future Continuous
- •The Present Perfect
- •The Past Perfect
- •The Future Perfect
- •The Present Perfect-Continuous
- •Модальні дієслова (the Modal Verbs)
- •Узгодження часів (the Sequence of Tenses)
- •Перетворення запитальних речень у непряму мову
- •Перетворення спонукальних речень з прямої у непряму мову
- •Інфінітив (the Infinitive)
- •Ми вживаємо інфінітив з to
- •Ми вживаємо інфінітив без to
- •Складний додаток з інфінітивом
- •Герундій ( the Gerund)
- •Ми використовуємо герундій :
- •Дієприкметник (the Participle)
- •Умовний спосіб дієслова (the Conditionals)
- •Найбільш вживані скорочення дієслівних форм
- •Irregular verbs
- •References
НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ТЕХНІЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ УКРАЇНИ
«КИЇВСЬКИЙ ПОЛІТЕХНІЧНИЙ ІНСТИТУТ»
АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ ПЕРШОГО КУРСУ
МЕХАНІКО-МАШИНОБУДІВНОГО ІНСТИТУТУ
Корсун Г. О., Литовченко І. М., Корбут О. Г., Ставицька І. В., Бондаренко К. І.
НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПОСІБНИК
(електронне видання)
КИЇВ 2012
ББК
Англійська мова для студентів першого курсу Механіко-машинобудівного інституту: навч. посіб. / Корсун Г. О., Литовченко І. М., Корбут О. Г., Ставицька І. В., Бондаренко К. І. – К. : НТУУ "КПІ", – 2012. – 265 с.
Гриф надано Методичною радою НТУУ «КПІ»
(Протокол № 9 від 24 травня 2012 р.)
Навчальне видання
Англійська мова для студентів першого курсу
Механіко-машинобудівного інституту
Навчальний посібник
(електронне видання)
Автори: |
Корсун Г. О., Литовченко І. М., Корбут О. Г., Ставицька І. В., Бондаренко К. І. |
Відповідальний редактор: |
Леонова О. М., ст. викладач
|
Рецензенти: |
Скуратовський А. К., к.т.н., доц. Лавриш Ю.Е., к.пед.н., доц. Щербань Л.М., ст. викладач |
Передмова
У навчальному посібнику представлено двадцять англомовних оригінальних текстів з розробленим методичним забезпеченням у рамках загальнотехнічної тематики. Навчальний посібник призначений для студентів першого курсу механіко-машинобудівного інституту.
Посібник забезпечує формування стійких мовленнєвих навичок та вмінь, необхідних для свідомого володіння англійською мовою. Він надає можливість студентам оволодіти основними видами комунікативної діяльності (діалогічним та монологічним мовленням, читанням та розумінням англомовних текстів технічного спрямування).
Посібник складається з 20 уроків, які побудовані за принципом навчання різним аспектам мови та мовленнєвої діяльності через систему вправ. Кожний урок включає оригінальні тексти, комунікативні, лексичні та граматичні вправи, а також вправи на аудіювання.
Граматичний матеріал, передбачений програмою першого курсу подано у практичному аспекті в кожному уроці, а також в окремих розділах як довідковий матеріал. Посібник може бути використаний не лише на практичних заняттях з англійської мови але й під час самостійної роботи студентів.
Розроблений навчальний посібник сприятиме систематизації іншомовного навчального матеріалу, формуванню навичок, розвитку і вдосконаленню вмінь з аудіювання, читання, говоріння, письма та перекладу; підвищенню ефективності організації навчання іноземної мови, а також поглибленню знань студентів у рамках загальних і професійно орієнтованих дисциплін.
Contents
UNIT 11: METALS |
7 |
UNIT 12: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES |
16 |
UNIT 13: NUMBERS |
26 |
UNIT 14: NUMERALS |
35 |
UNIT 15: GEOMETRIC FIGURES |
45 |
UNIT 16: MEASURING INSTRUMENTS |
54 |
UNIT 17: INVENTIONS |
63 |
UNIT 18: TYPES OF ENGINES |
72 |
UNIT 19: INDUSTRIAL DESIGN |
81 |
UNIT 20: MANUFACTURING |
90 |
APPENDIX 1: GRAMMAR REFERENCES |
100 |
APPENDIX 2: IRREGULAR VERBS |
149 |
REFERENCES |
154 |
Unit 11 metals
LEAD-IN
Look at the objects in the pictures. What metals do you think they are made of?
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A |
B |
C |
D |
Name as many metals as you can? Where are they used?
READING
Read the text and correct the statements that follow. Metals
One basis of classification of the elements groups them into metals and non-metals. It is now 2,000 years since Julius Caesar was stabbed in a small auditorium known as Pompey's Curia and his body cremated in the Roman Forum. Since that time, many changes have taken place, but many things have remained the same. Steel is still the basic material of armaments, although, it is not used in the manufacture of shields and short swords. Gold, silver, and copper are, as 2,000 years ago, the coinage metals. Bronze is still used for objects intended to resist the corrosive action of the atmosphere.
Knowledge of the metals, of course, has increased, greatly since Caesar's day. The Roman world knew, at least, copper, lead, gold, silver, tin, iron, mercury, and zinc (in a copper alloy). To this list, the twentieth-century's man in the street might add aluminium, magnesium, nickel, chromium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, uranium, and one or two others.
The first metals which were used by primitive man were those that are found free in nature to a comparatively large extent. These are gold, silver, and copper. Tin entered the metal picture when someone discovered, probably accidentally, that if it was mixed with copper the resulting substance was harder. So there came into being the alloy that we call bronze, a material which was so important in the ancient world that its name is given to one of the cultural stages in human development. The Bronze Age began in Egypt around 3,000 BC and in Europe some 500 or 1,000 years later.
Since almost no iron exists free in nature, it undoubtedly came into general use somewhat later than those just mentioned. As soon as methods were developed for separating iron from its ores in reasonably large quantities and at fairly low cost, it ceased to be classed as a precious material and began its career as the world's most valuable metal from the standpoint of actual use.
Metals are mostly solids at ordinary temperature and have comparatively high melting points with the exception of mercury. They are for the most part good conductors of heat and electricity. They can be drawn into fine wires and hammered into thin sheets, characteristics that are called ductility and malleability, respectively. An ounce of gold can be drawn into a wire almost 50 miles long or hammered into a sheet that has an area of between 175 and 200 square feet.
From the point of tonnage produced and used, iron is the world's most common metal, followed in turn by copper, zinc, lead and aluminium.
1. Bronze is still the basic material of armaments, although, it is not used in the manufacture of shields and short swords.
2. The Roman world knew, at least, copper, lead, gold, silver, tin, iron, mercury, aluminium and zinc.
3. Non-metals are mostly solids at ordinary temperature and have comparatively high melting points.
4. The Bronze Age began in Europe around 3,000 BC and in Egypt some 500 or 1,000 years later.
5. One basis of classification of the elements groups them into solids and liquids.
6. Gold, silver, and bronze are, as 2,000 years ago, the coinage metals.
7. Iron is still used for objects intended to resist the corrosive action of the atmosphere.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
4. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
1. melting point a) основний матеріал
2. ordinary temperature b) низька вартість
3. basic material c) хороший провідник
4. human development d) квадратний фут
5. good conductor e) звичайна температура
6. square foot f) точка плавлення
7. low cost g) людський розвиток
5. Match up the words in column A with the words in column B to form meaningful phrases, translate them into Ukrainian:
Column A Column B
1. basic a) metal
2. corrosive b) temperature
3. valuable c) feet
4. actual d) point
5. ordinary e) action
6. melting f) material
7. square g) use
6. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
electricity, common, elements, melting, development, large, extent
1. the world's most ….. metal
2. comparatively large …..
3. classification of the ….. groups
4. reasonably ….. quantities
5. comparatively high ….. point
6. good conductors of heat and …..
7. cultural stages in human …..
7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
metal, important, century, obtain, useful, brass, alloys, copper, environment
It is only since the time a man had learnt how to 1) _______ and use metals and their 2) _______, he has been able to adapt his 3) _______ to his needs and desires. The present age is, in fact, the Age of Metals and it is 4) _______ that we should have some acquaintance with these 5) _______ substances. In the ancient times, gold, silver, 6) _______, tin, iron, lead and mercury were known as "The Seven Metals".
One other 7) _______, zinc, has also been known in its role as one of the constituents of the alloy 8) _______. Almost no metals other than these seven or eight were known until the eighteenth 9) _______ and many that we use today, not until the nineteenth.