IV. Use a dictionary (e.G., Collins English Dictionary in Lingvo) to say whether these words are homonyms or meanings of the same polysemantic word:

1) letters of the alphabet – to receive letters; 2) the capital of a country – the capital of a column; 4) to date the inscription – an important date; 5) to bark loudly– to peel the bark off the tree; 6) He can’t really be so mean – What do you mean? 7) the foot of the mountain – a plank one foot long; 8) ironing board – a board of directors.

V. Are these ideographic or stylistic synonyms? Which of these words have emotive connotations?

1. alone - solitary - lonely. 2. clothes – duds – garment; 3. to shudder - to shiver - to tremble. 4. fear - terror - horror. 5. to walk - to trot - to stroll. 6. assistant - henchman . 7. to look at - to contemplate.

VI. Find similar-sounding words often confused in speech. State the difference in their meaning and/or usage and their interrelation (homonyms, synonyms, paronyms, words with the same root)

1) pay sb a compliment – an excellent complement to dinner; 2) Admission 60 pence – No admittance except on business; 3) have a guilty conscience – regain consciousness; 4) make allusions to smth – an optical illusion – suffer from delusions; 5) the shade of the tree – be afraid of one’s own shadow; 6) lay the papers on the table – lie in bed; 9) a politic person – political economy; 10) effective measures - an efficient secretary; 11) I can’t work with continual interruptions! – continuous fighting on the border.

IV. Replenishment of Vocabulary Stock.

I. Answer the questions:

1) What are the two main ways of increasing the vocabulary stock? 2) What is a morpheme? 3) What types of morphemes do you know? 4) What types of word formation do you know? 5). What role does affixation play in English word-formation? 6) What is conversion? 7) Why is it difficult to distinguish between compound words and free phrases? 8) What is abbreviation? 9) What abbreviations are called acronyms? 10) What is the difference between shortening and back formation? 11) What is meant by native English words? 12) How many native words are there in Modern English? 13) What is a borrowing? 14) What types of borrowings do you know? 15) What borrowings are called assimilated? 16) Why does English vocabulary have so many words of foreign origin? 17) What do we call the new words in the language? 18) What is an archaism?

II. Divide the following units into native and borrowed. Find information about the origin in Collins English Dictionary or Oxford Dictionary (available with Lingvo)

Make, ask, us, machine, chair, birch, door, dog, hound, daughter, voice, expect, potato, they, woman, wall.

III. State the source of borrowing. Say whether these words are assimilated or not:

marriage, skirt, pianissimo, medium, xenon, intelligence, balalaika, enable, screw, tango, Bundeswehr, café, bolshevik, chair, wall, honour, Zeitgeist, tête-à-tête, soprano, détente, steppe

IV. Analyse the morphemic and the derivational structure of the words:

softened; identification; three-cornered; disapproval, re-examined; repetitiveness, unfortunate, self-forgetful; unsystematic.

V. State the type of word formation by which the word was created:

accompany, computerise, forget-me-not; expressionless, superprivileged, workaholic, beflower, inwardly, counterculture, a bike, to hiss, identical, unreasonable, to buzz, old-fashioned, to book, to dilly-dally, a dress coat, an exam, a merry-go-round, RBC, to quack, an earthquake, a make, smog, a freshman, H-bomb, Anglo-Saxon, to tape-record, a break-through, a find, M.P., to babble, a passer-by, to doctor, eatable, to overcome, brunch.

V.