V. Answer the questions to check your understanding of the text:

1. Why do we make telegraph messages as short as possible?

2. How does sound pass through the air?

3. What are the differences between the tops of sound waves called?

4. What happened when the diaphragm in Alexander Bell’s telephone vibrated?

5. How was the U-shaped piece of iron in Bell’s receiver magnetized?

6. What does the diaphragm do to the carbon granules in a telephone?

7. What happens to the sound waves of your voice when you speak into the microphone?

8. How were the connections between the callers made in the early days?

VI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. If they are false correct them:

1. The telephone is a better means of communication than the telegraph.

2. Sound travels through the air in the form of different types of noise.

3. We call a thin sheet of metal a diaphragm.

4. The strength of the magnet depended on the strength of the current.

5. The sound from the telephone could be transmitted over the different distances because the microphone was not very sensitive.

6. The receiver has an electro-magnet and a diaphragm and works just like the one first inverted.

7. Today all exchanges are operated automatically.

VII. Make your own sentences using the given phrases:

1. to send written messages

2. supplied by a battery

3. the electric telegraph is used

4. very close to the poles of the magnet

5. granules of carbon

6. to make all the connections between

7. to pass through the coils

VIII. Use the text to find the English equivalents for the following word combinations:

1. нам необхідно зробити телефонне повідомлення

2. було з’ясовано, що

3. використовував залізний магніт у вигляді підкови

4. низький рівень електричного струму

5. на початку розвитку телефонії

6. який забезпечує батарея

7. використовуються автоматично

8. між часточками вугілля утворюється простір для

9. проходять по виткам котушки

10. надсилати повідомлення

IX. Put down the terms listed below next to their definitions:

coil, magnet, receiver, noise, wave, microphone, way, sound, telephone, telegram

1. ____ is a means, system of transmitting the human voice by electric current through wires or by radio.

2. ____ is a method or plan; course of action.

3. ____ means steady increase and spread; motion by which heat, sound, light, magnetism, etc is spread or carried.

4. ____ a piece of iron, often a horseshoe shape, able to attract iron, either natural or by means of an electric current.

5. ____ is a message sent by telegraphy.

6. ____ is the length of wire wound in a spiral to conduct electric current.

7. ____ is a part of an apparatus for receiving sth, e.g. that part of a telephone that is held to the ear.

8. ____ is an instrument for changing sound waves into electrical current, as in telephones, radio, etc.

9. ____ is that which is or can be heard.

10.____ is a loud and unpleasant sound, esp when confused and undesired.

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