Exercises
1. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian:
The very first calculating device, to find easy ways of calculating, a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing, a general-purpose problem-solving machine, to punch the holes into cards, to establish one’s own company, the first analog computer, to help aim guns, to be created, to figure out mathematical problems, to store both data and instructions inside the computer's memory, in a binary code, scientific computation and business data processing, to be replaced by keyboard terminals, to lead to the proliferation of computers throughout our society, a glimpse of the future.
2. Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
Вычислительное устройство; легкий способ вычисления; логарифмическая линейка; составить таблицы логарифмов; обработка деловой информации; средство кодирования информации; перфокарты; оформить собранные данные в таблицу; клавишный терминал; цифровые компьютеры; двоичный код; высокое напряжение; электрические импульсы.
3. Fill in the gaps with the correct words.
1. The first digital computer could a lot of mathematical problems at a fast________.
2. Vannevar Bush built the first _________ computer in 1930.
3. Babbage's analytical engine was designed to _____ data.
4. J. von Neumann invented a machine that was able to not only data but also _____________ .
5. Neumann _______ the idea of storing data in a __________.
6. Computers use two conditions for _____ symbols.
7. The invention of ______ made computers possible to control and ___________ electronic signals.
8. Due to ___________ computers could perform ___________ much faster.
4. Express agreement or disagreement with the following. Use the phrases:
Yes, you are right (That’s right. I agree).
No, you are wrong (That’ s not right. I disagree).
1. The very first calculating device was abacus.
2. J. Napier, a Scotsman, invented a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing, a modern slide rule.
3. The first real calculating machine appeared in 1944.
4. Dr. Herman Hollerith built a machine to punch the holes into cards and others to tabulate the collected data.
5. In 1930 the first digital computer was built by American named Vannevar Bush.
6. Mark I, the first digital computer, was created in 1944 by Professor Howard Aiken.
7. In 1946 two engineers at the University of Pennsylvania, built their analog computer.
8. EDVAC was able to store both data and instructions inside the computer's memory.
9. A binary code is electrical pulses to translate the symbols by which we communicate into unique combinations of high voltage and low voltage.
10. By the late 1970s punched cards had been almost universally replaced by keyboard terminals.
5. Answer the following question:
1. What was the very first calculating device?
2. What did J. Napier, a Scotsman, invent?
3. When did the first calculating machine appear?
4. What was the main idea of Ch. Babbage's machine?
5. What kind of machines did Dr. Herman Hollerith build?
6. When was the first analog computer built?
7. Who was the inventor of the first digital computer?
8. What is ENIAC? Decode the word.
9. What could or EDVAC perform?
10. What is a binary code?
6. Match the words in the A column with their descriptions in the B column:
А |
В |
1. abacus 2. calculus 3. analog computer 4. digital computer 5. vacuum tubes 6. transistors 7. chip 8. microminiaturization 9. slide rule 10. logarithm tables |
a. instrument used for doing multiplication and division b. used in the first digital computers c. an instrument used for counting d. used in mathematics e. circuitry of fourth-generation computers f. invented by Americans in 1944 g. made computers smaller and faster h. used to help aim guns i. the reduction of circuitry onto a chip j. a branch of mathematics |
7. Fill in the table with necessary data.
|
a man's hand |
When? |
How long?
|
abacus |
|
What? |
|
Who? |
|
punched card |
Who? |
When? |
|
What? |
|
What? |
1944 |
