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Exercises

  1. Express the same idea with the other structure.

Model: T.: The attendant weighed our luggage.

St.: Our luggage was weighed by the attendant.

  1. We booked tickets in advance.

  2. At the gangway (трап) passengers produce passports.

  3. During the flight the stewardess offered newspapers and magazines to the passengers.

  4. On the appointed day we packed our luggage.

  5. The stewardess served mineral water and juice.

  6. Soon we heard over the radio that they cancelled (to cancel - отменять) the flight.

  7. They have just announced boarding the plane.

  8. When the plane took off they switched on the notice “No smoking. Fasten the belts.”

  9. The plane will cover the distance over 1,000 km.

  1. Say what is not allowed to do (to have) on board the plane.

Model: Passengers are not allowed to make a noise on board the plane.

Substitute:

to have heavy luggage

to smoke

to unfasten belts when the plane is taking off or landing

to speak with the pilot

to have a weapon (оружие)

to take strong drinks

to enter the cockpit (кабина в самолете)

  1. Describe services available on board the plane.

Model: Passengers can have (be given) mineral water on board the plane.

Substitute:

to have a snack

to ask for a juice or any soft drink

to offer newspapers

to give information about the speed, altitude and the distance covered

to send a telegram from board the plane

to see video films during the flight

to ask a stewardess for a medicine

IV. Answer the questions.

  1. Do you think that travelling by air is more convenient than by train? Why?

  2. Have you ever travelled by air? When was it?

  3. When did the story-teller travel by plane last time?

  4. Why must passengers be at the airport more than an hour in advance?

  5. Are passengers allowed to have some luggage with them on board the plane?

  6. Did the story-teller arrive at the airport in time?

  7. Where did his plane go?

  8. What notice did the passengers see when the plane took off?

  9. What information did they get during the flight?

  10. Did the stewardess serve the travellers well?

  11. Was the plane late?

Grammar: The Passive Voice

Сказуемое предложения может употребляться либо в действительном (Active Voice), либо в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice) Все глагольные формы в различных группах времен, рассмотрении ранее, давались в действительном залоге.

Форма страдательного залога в английском языке аналогична одной из форм страдательного залога в русском языке:

вспомогательный глагол to be + основной глагол в III форме

E.g. to be written - быть написанным

to be asked - быть спрошенным

В этой модели первый элемент (to be) формально является переменной величиной, а второй - постоянной, т. е. это всегда III форма конкретного глагола.

to be (Indefinite)

Present am is are

Past was were

Future shall be / will be

to be being (Continuous)

Present am being / is being / are being

Past was being / were being

Future –

to have been (Perfect)

Present have been / has been

Past had been

Future shall have been / will have been

Итак, все сведения об образовании и употреблении той или иной группы времен, полученные ранее, пригодятся вам для постановки глагола to be в составе страдательного залога в нужную форму. Следует отметить, что в разговорной практике страдательный залог используется преимущественно во временах группы неопределенных времен (Indefinite) и настоящем перфектном. Остальные формы встречаются в письменной речи с большей или меньшей степенью ограниченности.

Active Voice (Indefinite)

Passive Voice (Indefinite)

1. Peter the First founded our city in 1703.

Петр I основал наш город в 1703 году.

  1. Our city was founded by Peter the First in 1703.

Наш город был основан Петром I в 1703 году.

2. A lot of students study foreign languages at the University. Многие студенты изучают иностранные языки в уни­верситете.

3. I’ll post the letter immediately.

Я отправлю письмо немедленно.

  1. Foreign languages are studied by a lot of students at the University. Иностранные языки изучаются многими студентами университета.

  2. The letter will be posted immedia­tely.

Письмо будет отправлено немедленно.