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- •Isbn 5-11-004761-8 © в. К. Шпак, в. Я. Полулях,
- •Вступний фонетик о-орфоешчний курс
- •1. Звуки і букви
- •2. Інтонація
- •3. Наголос
- •4. Типи складів
- •5. Читання буквосполучень
- •II. Learn the following phrases: Not at all.
- •It's all right. Нема за що. Don't mention it.
- •.III. Make up sentences:
- •The article grammar exercises
- •Fill in the blanks with the appropriate articles:
- •Put the nouns of the following sentences into plural. Mind the articles.
- •Copy out correct sentences. Mind the articles:
- •Fill in the blanks with articles where it is necessary:
- •V. Translate into English paying attention to the articles:
- •Communicative situations
- •We study english exercises
- •1. Read and memorize the following words:
- •II. Learn the following phrases:
- •(To) be of great importance
- •I beg your pardon ... I do not understand you. Say it again, please.
- •Please, speak slowly.
- •Complete the following dialogues:
- •Make up your own dialogues using the following word combinations:
- •Read and retell the text:
- •I study english
- •Read and translate the text: english as a means of international communication
- •Read aloud and ask questions on the text:
- •Ask as many questions on the text as possible:
- •Learn the poem by heart:
- •Give the plural of the following nouns:
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets:
- •Choose the correct form of the noun:
- •Open the brackets:
- •VI. Translate into English the following sentences paying attention to the nouns:
- •Communicative situations
- •Lesson 3 biography, family exercises
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •Comprehensive secondary school [,kompri'hensiv 'seksndsri
- •II. Learn the following word-combinations:
- •In a hospital у лікарні
- •In an office у конторі
- •III. Make up sentences:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Complete the following sentences using the words from the right-hand column:
- •Translate into Ukrainian:
- •Translate into English:
- •Fill out fhe form:
- •DX. Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •XI. Ask questions on the text and retell it: about my family and myself
- •I. Fill in the blanks with personal pronouns:
- •Translate into English:
- •Use the absolute form of possessive pronouns instead of the conjoint in the following word-combinations according to the model:
- •Translate the pronouns in brackets into English:
- •Translate into English:
- •Person's character and appearance exercises
- •Translate into English:
- •Make up sentences:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •VI. Read the text and write out the words to the theme "Person's Character and Appearance":
- •Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs grammar exercises
- •Give the most distinctive features of the appearance and character of your friends and relatives.
- •Replace personal pronouns in brackets by possessive ones:
- •RChange the sentences according to the model using the comparative and superlative degrees of comparison of adjectives:
- •Translate into English:
- •Lesson 5
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •Syour fellow-students
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Translate into English:
- •Give synonyms to the words in bold type:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •X. Complete the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following word-combinations:
- •Read and retell the text:
- •XIII. Learn the poem by heart:
- •The present indefinite tense grammar exercises
- •I. Change the following sentences according to the model:
- •Copy out the sentences in the Present Indefinite Tense:
- •Ask your friend and let him answer:
- •Use the Infinitives in brackets in the necessary tense-form:
- •Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •Translate into English:
- •Ask questions to have the following answers:
- •Make the following sentences passive:
- •Lesson 6
- •I. Read and memorize the fallowing words:
- •III. Make up sentences:
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets:
- •Complete the following dialogues:
- •Make up your own dialogues using the following word and word-combinations:
- •Read and retell the text: seasons
- •XIII. Read and translate the text:
- •XIV:, Ask as many questions on the text as possible:
- •Vacuum cleaner
- •Centre in (u.K.)/(u.S.) on ... Street in (u.K.) /(u.S.)
- •III. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets'.
- •Translate into English-
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •Complete the following dialogues:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Ask questions on the text and retell it:
- •IX. Read and translate the text: a naughty boy
- •The future indefinite tense the future-in-the-past grammar exercises
- •Write out the verbs in a) the Future Indefinite
- •Make the sentences interrogative and negative:
- •Translate the verbs in brackets into English and use them in the necessary tense-form:
- •Answer the following questions using the words in brackets according to the model:
- •Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •Translate into English:
- •ИFill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets:
- •Translate into English:
- •Act as an interpreter:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •Complete the following dialogues:
- •Ask questions on the text and retell it:
- •X. Read, translate and remember the following rules and regulations of hotels:
- •Translate into English:
- •Replace the Infinitives in brackets by the necessary tense-form:
- •Change the following sentences using the Passive Voice according to the model:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words: street [stri:t] вулиця
- •III. Remember the mulas:
- •Can/could you direct me to ... ? Can/could you tell me the way to ... ? How do/can I get to ... ? Does this street go to/lead to ... ? I am looking for ....
- •Ignorance Незнання, необізнаність
- •Translate into English:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Ask your friend:
- •Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following:
- •In what situations would you say the following:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •XI. Complete the following dialogues:
- •I. Replace the Infinitives in brackets by the Past Continuous Tense (active):
- •Agree or disagree with the following statements. Begin your sentences with: I agree with you or It seems to me you are wrong:
- •Complete the following sentences translating the words in brackets into English:
- •Answer the following questions using the words in brackets:
- •Put the Infinitives in b ackets in the Past Continuous or the Past Indefinite Tense (active):
- •Change the following sentences using the Passive Voice:
- •Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •Read and retell the text as if you were: a) Frenchman; b) one of the visitors of the post-office: at the post-office
- •Answer the questions on the text:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •Institute, London, 1970) * * *
- •IX. Complete the following dialogues:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Ask questions on the text and retell it:
- •I. Put the Infinitives in brackets in the Future Continuous Tense (active):
- •Ask questions to have the following answers:
- •Copy out the sentences in the Future Continuous Tense. Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Imagine that your friends and you have come to the post-office. Say what you (your friends) will be doing there.
- •Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •Translate into English the first part of the following sentences:
- •Open the brackets. Mind the sequence of tenses:
- •X. Translate the verbs in brackets into English using them in the necessary tense-form:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •Translate into English:
- •Fill in the blanks with suitable words and word- combinations:
- •Give synonyms to the words in bold type:
- •Give antonyms to the following word-combinations:
- •Make up sentences of your own:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •X. Fill in the blanks with suitable words so as to make up a dialogue:
- •XI. Ask questions on the text and retell it: telephone etiquette
- •The present perfect tense grammar exercises
- •I. Substitute the Past Indefinite Tense (active) for the Present Perfect (active) in the following sentences according to the model:
- •Ask your friend:
- •Put the Infinitives in brackets in the Present Perfect Tense:
- •Translate into English:
- •1. Ви написали листа своєму другові? 2. Чи були Ви коли-небудь у Нью-Йорку? 3. Ми ще не замовляли роз-
- •Translate into English according to the model:
- •Disagree with the following statements. Begin your sentences with: I don't think so; sorry, but I can't agree with you; it seems to me you ere wrong:
- •Make the following sentences passive:
- •Put questions to the words in bold type. Let your fellow-students answer them:
- •Haberdashery Галантерея
- •It's too dear (expensive). Це занадто дорого.
- •VIII. Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •IX. Ask questions on the following text:
- •I. Put questions to the words in bold type. Let your fellow-students answer them:
- •Make up one complex sentence out of two simple sentences according to the model. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Make the following sentences sound emphatic according to the model. Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •Put the Infinitives in brackets in the necessary tense-form:
- •Say what you (your family; your friend) had done by 3 o'clock yesterday (by that time, by the evening, by the end of month, before noon, etc.)
- •Change direct speech into indirect one:
- •Make the following sentences passive:
- •Translate into English:
- •Lesson 13 man and environment exercises I. Read and memorize the following words: ecology [I'kalad3i] екологія
- •Victim ['viktim] жертва
- •Make up sentences:
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Translate into English:
- •Give synonyms to words in bold type:
- •IX. Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •X. Make up a dialogue:
- •Xl Make up your own dialogues using the following word-combinations:
- •XII. Read and retell the text as if you were a representative of an international organization Greenpeace:
- •Read and ask questions on the text: man protects his environment
- •Read and translate the text: the environmental problems of the western nations
- •XV. Learn the poem by heart: fire and ice Robert Frost
- •The future perfect tense grammar exercises
- •I. Find the sentences in the Future Perfect Tense:
- •Translate into Ukrainian:
- •Translate into English:
- •1. Read and memorize the following words:
- •Cup [клр] чашка
- •Learn the following word-combinations:
- •A piece of cake a slice of bread a lump of sugar help yourself to ... May I treat you to ...
- •A café a restaurant a canteen Make up sentences: I'll have my dinner at
- •I'd like to have a beefsteak with vegetables some cakes
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets:
- •Translate into English:
- •Give synonyms to the words in bold type:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •Complete the following dialogues:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following word-combinations:
- •Read, translate and retell the text:
- •Find the sentences in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
- •Make the sentences interrogative and negative:
- •Translate into Ukrainian:
- •IV. Make up sentences using either Past Continuous or Present Perfect Continuous:
- •Put the Infinitives in brackets in Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Answer the following questions according to the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •Indigestion [,indrd3estj(3)n] нетравлення шлунку
- •Psychiatrist [sarkaistrist] психіатр
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets:
- •Act as an interpreter:
- •Translate the dialogue into English:
- •VIII. Complete the following dialogue:
- •IX. Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •X. Translate the dialogues into English:
- •XI. Ask questions on the text and retell it:
- •Make the following sentences negative:
- •Make the following sentences interrogative:
- •Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •Refer the following sentences to the Past:
- •Translate into Ukrainian:
- •Answer the following questions according to the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words: theatrel'Gists] театр
- •Curtain [ks:tn] завіса
- •Act [ffikt] дія, акт
- •II. Learn the following word-combinations
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets:
- •Answer the questions. Begin your answers with: I believe (suppose, guess); in my opinion; as for me; as far as I know (remember); as a matter of fact; frankly/strictly speaking:
- •Translate into Ukrainian:
- •Make the following sentences interrogative:
- •Translate into English:
- •Make the following sentences negative:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •X. Complete the following dialogues:
- •XI. Ask questions on the text and retell it:
- •Put the following sentences in the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
- •Make the following sentences negative:
- •Put the Infinitives in brackets in the Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
- •Translate into English:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •Find new words and copy them out from the following text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate into English:
- •Make up questions beginning with the words given in brackets:
- •Make up dialogues using the following word- combinations and sentences:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •X. Act as an interpreter:
- •I. Put the Infinitives in brackets into the right tense according to the rules of Sequence of Tenses:
- •Ask your friends and then say what they answered according to the model:
- •Change direct speech into indirect speech:
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •My hobby
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •(To) be fond of (to) go in for (to) take photos (to) make a point of
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary words:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Translate into English:
- •Vih. Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •IX. Give synonyms to the words in bold type:
- •Read, translate and retell the text: hobbies and leisure-time occupations
- •Translate the text:
- •Indoor activities or home interests
- •Outdoor activities or activities outside the home
- •Modal verbs grammar exercises
- •I. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •VII. Make up sentences:
- •VIII. Translate into English:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •II. Learn the following word-combinations and phrases
- •VI. Ask questions on the text and retell it: travelling
- •The subjunctive mood grammar exercises
- •Put the Infinitives in brackets in the Subjunctive Mood:
- •Translate into English:
- •Business letters
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •II. Learn the following phrases:
- •I enclose some Додаю деяку інформацію ... Information ...May I take an opportunity to wish you ... May I have the pleasure of inviting you to visit our firm?
- •It is good of you ... Your expenses will be met by our firm.
- •III. Make up sentences:
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words:
- •V. Make up questions and let your fellow-students
- •Make up your own dialogue using the words and phrases from exercises I—II.
- •Ask questions on the text and retell it: the letter
- •The infinitive grammar exercises I. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •II. Make the sentences Interrogative:
- •III. State the function of the Infinitive:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the difference in the meaning of the Simple and the Complex Objects:
- •.Point out sentences with the Complex Object and the Infinitive in the function of adverbial modifier:
- •Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the translation of the Complex Object:
- •Read sentences with the Complex Subject and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Translate into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the predicate in active voice:
- •Express the thought by one sentence using the Complex Subject according to the model:
- •Translate the following sentences into English using the Infinitive:
- •Business communication exercises
- •I. Read and memorize the following words:
- •II. Learn the following word-combinations
- •III. Make up sentences
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary words:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Translate into English:
- •Give synonyms to the words in bold type:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •Ask questions on the text and retell it:
- •I. Translate into Ukrainian
- •Make the sentences negative and interrogative:
- •Paraphraze the following sentences according to the model:
- •Put the Infinitives in brackets in the necessary tense-form:
- •Find Participles, state their forms and functions in the sentence:
- •Choose the right form of the Participle:
- •Translate into English:
- •Її. Learn the following word-combinations:
- •Make up sentences:
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary words:
- •Compose questions and let your fellow-students answer them:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Give synonyms to the words in bold type:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •X. Complete the following dialogues:
- •XI. Make up your own dialogues using the following expressions:
- •XIII. Read and translate the text. Make up the plan and retell the text.
- •XIV. Read and ask questions on the text:
- •XVI. Translate the text into Ukrainian:
- •I. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Make the sentences interrogative:
- •Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •State the function of the Participle:
- •Transform the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Participle Complex according to the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •Make up sentences:
- •Fill the blanks with the necessary words:
- •Make up questions and let your fellow-students answer them:
- •Complete the following dialogue:
- •Make up your own dialogues using the following expressions:
- •Read and ask questions on the text:
- •XIV. Read and discuss:
- •Transform the sentences using the Gerund instead of the Infinitive according to the model:
- •Make the sentences interrogative:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Ask your friend:
- •Paraphrase the sentences using gerundial complexes according to the model:
- •Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using gerundial complexes according to the model:
- •Translate into English:
- •Learn the following word-combinations:
- •V. Make up questions and let your fellow-students answer them:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Translate into English:
- •Give synonyms to the words in bold type:
- •IX. Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •It lost some of its prestige as well as its colonies. • * *
- •Complete the following dialogue:
- •XIII. Read and ask questions on the text:
- •XIV. Read and discuss it: london
- •I. Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •Change direct speech into indirect one:
- •Transform the following interrogative sentences into the sentences with indirect questions using the words in brackets according to the model:
- •IV. Change indirect speech into direct one:
- •V. Make up sentences:
- •Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations
- •An educated man and computer exercises
- •I. Read and memorize the following words: abacus ['sebskss] рахівниця
- •(To) display [dis'plei] показувати
- •II. Learn the following word-combinations:
- •In daily use
- •III. Make up sentences:
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words:
- •V. Make up questions and let your fellow-students answer them:
- •VI. Complete the following sentences:
- •Translate into English:
- •Give synonyms to the words in bold type:
- •Read and dramatize the following dialogues:
- •Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •Read and retell the text:
- •XIII. Read and discuss the text:
- •XIV. Read and translate the text: computers: the software and the hardware
- •I. Put the Infinitives in brackets in Indefinite, Continuous or Perfect Tenses in the Active Voice. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •Find the sentences in which the verbs to have and to be are translated as мати, бути повинним:
- •Say what you can do with the help of the computer. Use the following expressions:
- •Insert modal verbs can, may, must, should or their equivalents in the necessary tense-form:
- •Put questions to the words in bold type:
- •Find verbals, state their functions. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •Complete the following sentences using Gerund- ial Construction:
- •Теперішній неозначений час в активному і пасивному стані the present indefinite tense active and passive voice
- •Минулий неозначений час в активному і пасивному стані the past indefinite tense active and passive voice
- •I saw you in the street yesterday. They lived in London before the war.
- •Майбутній неозначений час в активному і пасивному стані the future indefinite tense active and passive voice
- •Минулий тривалий час в активному і пасивному стані the past continuous tense active and passive voice
- •I was not watching tv in the evening.
- •I (he, she, it) was being examined. We (you, they) were being examined.
- •I'll be looking out for you at two o'clock.
- •Майбутній тривалий час з погляду минулого the future conhnuous-in-the-past tense
- •Майбутній перфектний час в активному і пасивному стані the future perfect tense active and passive voice
- •Майбутній перфектний час з погляду минулого the future perfect-in-the-past tense
- •I thought you would have gone by now.Пасивний стан
- •Теперішній перфектно-тривалий час ше present perfect continuous tense
- •Минулий перфектно-тривалий час the past perfect continuous tense
- •Майбутній їіерфектно-тривалий час the future perfect continuous tense
- •I shan't have been looking for.
- •The present participle
- •Дієприкметник минулого часу
- •Перфектний дієприкметник the perfect participle
- •Модальні дієслова
- •Об'єктний інфінітивний комплекс the objective infinitive complex
- •I like her to sing. Мені подобається, як вона співає.
- •Прийменниковий інфінітивний комплекс the prepositional infinitive complex
- •!Vocabulary
Майбутній перфектний час в активному і пасивному стані the future perfect tense active and passive voice
УТВОРЕННЯ
Стверджувальна форма дієслова у Future Perfect утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to have у Future Indefinite і дієприкметника минулого часу (Past Participle) основного дієслова:
I shall have done it we shall have done it
you will have done it you will have done it he will have done it they will have done it
she will have done it it will have done it
У питальній формі перше допоміжне дієслово shall/ will вживається перед підметом: Shall we have believed? Will he have believed?
У заперечній формі після першого допоміжного дієслова shall/will вживається заперечна частка not: We shall not have done it. He will not have done it.
У розмовній мові вживаються такі самі скорочення, як і у Future Indefinite:
I'll have done it.
I shan't have done it.
He won't have done it.
ВЖИВАННЯ
Future Perfect вживається для вираження майбутньої дії, що закінчиться до певного моменту або до початку іншої дії в майбутньому:
You'll have forgotten me by then. I shall have read the story by the time you come.
ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН
Пасивний стан Future Perfect утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be у Future Perfect і Past Participle основного дієслова:
I (we) shall have been examined.
He (she, it, you, they) will have been examined.
Майбутній перфектний час з погляду минулого the future perfect-in-the-past tense
УТВОРЕННЯ
Future Perfect-in-the-Past утворюється так само, як і Future Perfect, але замість допоміжних дієслів shall і will вживаються відповідно should і would:
I should have done it we should have done it he would have done it you would have done it she would have done it they would have done it it would have done it
Future Perfect-in-the-Past вживається замість Future Perfect переважно в підрядних додаткових, якщо дієслово головної частини виражає минулу дію:
I thought you would have gone by now.Пасивний стан
Пасивний стан Future Perfect-in-the-Past утворюється так само, як і Future Perfect Passive, але замість допоміжних дієслів shall і will вживаються відповідно should і would:
I (we) should have been examined.
He (she, it, you, they) would have been examined.
Теперішній перфектно-тривалий час ше present perfect continuous tense
УТВОРЕННЯ
Present Perfect Continuous утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be в Present Perfect і дієприкметника теперішнього часу основного дієслова: I have been writing we have been writing
you have been writing you have been writing he has been writing they have been writing
she has been writing
У питальній формі перше допоміжне дієслово ставиться перед підметом:
Have you been working?
У заперечній формі після першого допоміжного дієслова вживається заперечна частка not:
Не has not been coming.
У питально-заперечній формі перше допоміжне дієслово ставиться перед підметом, а частка not — після підмета:
Have they not been writing?
У розмовній мові вживаються такі самі скорочення, як і в Present Perfect.
Стверджувальна форма:
I've been sewing.
He's been sewing:
Заперечна форма:
I haven't been sailing. Не hasn't been sailing. Питально-заперечна форма:
Haven't you been rowing?
ВЖИВАННЯ
Present Perfect Continuous вживається для вираження дії, що почалася в минулому і тривала протягом певного періоду, або все ще продовжується в цей момент, або щойно закінчилася:
His father has been Його батько працює на цьо-
working at this plant for му заводі двадцять років. (По- twenty years. чав працювати 20 років тому
і працює досі.) I've been waiting here Я чекала тут півгодини. (Дія for half an hour. почалася півгодини тому, три
вала до моменту мовлення і щойно закінчилася.)
Present Perfect Continuous може вживатися без вказівки на тривалість дії:
What have you been reading? I've been expecting you.
Здебільшого на період тривалості дії вказують обставини часу, часто з прийменником for:
Не has been sleeping for an hour.
Слово since вказує на початок періоду, протягом якого тривала дія:
I have been teaching English since 1976. What have you been doing since you left us?
Present Perfect Continuous вживається в питальних реченнях з питальними словами since when — з якого часу, відколи; how long — як довго, скільки часу, якщо мова йде про період, що безпосередньо передує моменту мовлення:
How long have you been learning French? Since when have they been working here?
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