MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION OF UKRAINE

National Aviation University

Inorganic chemistry

textbook

for students 0929 branch “Biotechnology”

0514 Branch “Ecology”

Kyiv 2013

UDC 577 1 (076 5)

BBK

Authors: G.V. Sokolsky, E.P. Novoselov, S.V. Ivanov, S.I. Tkachenko

Reviewers:

Approved by….

Inorganic chemistry……..

Introduction

This course of lectures in inorganic chemistry represents experience of chemistry and chemical technologies chair of NAU in teaching “Chemistry”, “General and Inorganic chemistry” disciplines for some specialties of our university within the last decade were English language education was adopted.

It should be noted that like any university discipline the material of lectures does not pretend to be completed. It was developed from and based on Ukrainian language textbook of our chair and NTU “KPI” authors … This information will help you to find Ukrainian equivalents of chemical notions that you face with.

Let us recommend to any reader to think and study material critically. You should use supplementary sources from our library where you can find many classical textbooks from the times of Soviet Union as well as many perfect English language textbooks in Chemistry (see reference list at the end of this book). After you get acquainted with library you should make a selection of most useful Internet sites for your study. The Wikipedia huge resources dedicated to chemical elements are the most useful and available to you. The lack of information about chemical reactions from the classical point of view should be compensated by the textbook material.

Independently the number of lectures you have the inorganic chemistry course is one of the most complicated for students. Unfortunately, we cannot give any other advice than to work twice more intensively to those students who did not master enough “General chemistry” course during the first term. The key to your success is thorough work step-by-step with many facts describing an element. It is the best method to memorise them. Attempts to systemize material in the latter case are quite fascinating and will be the fundament of your further diving into the world of chemistry.

Best wishes to you,

On behalf of authors,

Georgii V. Sokolsky

06.05.2013

H 1s1	HYDROGEN
	ISOTOPES
	1H	Protium
	2H or D	Deuterium
	3H or T	Tritium
Oxidation States	Compounds Of Hydrogen
	H
-1	NaH
	MgH2
0	H2
	PdH0.5
1	B2H6
	C2H4
	NH3
	H2O, H3O+ HF

Lecture 1. Hydrogen

History of discovery

The notion of “gas” was introduced by the Dutch alchemist I.B. Van-Helmont. An Englishman R. Boil was the first to collect a gas evolved at interaction of iron with diluted H₂SO₄. The gas was hydrogen but R. Boil could not distinguish Н₂ and air.

Some origins indicate that hydrogen (hydrogenium) was discovered at the beginning of 16^th century by the well-known physician and naturalist Philippus Paracelsus.

In 1778, hydrogen was acknowledged for gas different from air, only by Henry Cavendish, who had obtained Н₂ by the action of HCl and H₂SO₄ on Zn, Fe and Sn. Cavendish established its properties and distinctions from other gases. Antoine Lavoisier was the first who to obtain hydrogen from water, and to prove that water is a chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen (1783).

Of the three kinds of isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium, D, was discovered by H. C. Urey and others in 1932. Urey predicted that water made with deuterium would evaporate more slowly and was, in this way, able to separate and isolate the deuterium. Scientists first produced tritium in 1935 by bombarding deuterium with deuterium nuclei (one proton and one neutron).