- •Астана 2012
- •Content
- •Introduction
- •Text 1: Hunting
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions.
- •5. Retell the text Text 2: Hunting Methods for Beginners
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian :
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3.Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Complete the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Retell the text Text 6: Animals and birds of Kazakhstan
- •Exercises
- •1.Translate the following words into Russian.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text Text 9: Birds of prey
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences:
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text Text 12: Wildlife
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text Text 15: Birds and Beasts of mountain and steppe
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •Text 16: Birds and Beasts of mountain and steppe
- •Exercises:
- •1. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations:
- •3. Put special questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions:
- •5. Retell the text texts for collateral reading Hare
- •Text 2: Deer
- •Text 3 Moose
- •Text 5: Marmots Baibak
- •Text 6: Environmental protection
- •Text 7: Reserves and National Parks
- •Грамматический справочник
- •1. Explain the use of Present Perfect in the following sentences and translate:
- •Break, buy, finish, do, go, go, lose, paint, read, and take
- •3. Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. Write sentences about the things she has done. Use the Present Perfect:
- •4. Write the verb in brackets in the present perfect form:
- •5. Ask again:
- •1. Look at these sentences and explain the difference between them:
- •2. Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done etc.) or past simple (I did etc.):
- •3. Finish the sentences:
- •4. Choose the correct tense:
- •5. Answer these questions using the past perfect. Start your answer with the word in bracket:
- •1. Translate these sentences into Russian:
- •2. Finish the following sentences:
- •3. Say what you will have done:
- •4. Make up the sentences and translate them:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets in correct form:
- •1. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form:
- •3. Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive:
- •4. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they/people' etc. Write a passive sentence:
- •5. Use the words below to write questions in the Passive. Answer them:
- •Infinitive of the Passive Voice
- •1. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they', write a passive sentence:
- •2. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive:
- •3. Turn these sentences into the Passive Voice:
- •Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •1. Translate into your native language, pay attention to tenses:
- •2. Rewrite the following sentences in the Past tense:
- •3. Open the brackets and chose necessary tense:
- •Reported speech Косвенная речь
- •Reported Questions Вопросы в косвенной речи
- •Subjunctive mood Сослагательное наклонение
- •Образование форм сослагательного наклонения
- •Употребление сослагательного наклонения
- •Conditional sentences Условные предложения
- •Interrogative sentences Вопросительные предложения
- •Специальный вопрос.
- •Альтернативный вопрос.
- •Разделительный вопрос.
- •1. Read and translate the following questions. Answer them:
- •2. Put your own yes /no questions.
- •3. Alternative questions. Read, answer them and make up your questions:
- •4. Tail questions. Read and answer them. Put your own questions:
- •5. Put the words in the right order to ask a question and write true answers:
- •6. In each of the following sentences there is one mistake. Find it and correct it:
- •Linking words. (1) Слова – связки (1)
- •E.G.: I wake up at 7.00 and I switch on the radio.
- •Linking words (2) Слова – связки (2)
- •The Infinitive Инфинитив
- •I heard him sing – я слышал, как он поет.
- •Инфинитивные формы времени и залога
- •Употребление инфинитива
- •Инфинитив как член предложения
- •1. Insert the particle “to” before Infinitive, where necessary:
- •2. Translate into your native language, be attentive with Active Infinitive and Passive Infinitive:
- •3. Translate into your native language, be attentive with Perfect Infinitive:
- •4. Open the brackets, use necessary forms of Infinitive:
- •5. Change the parts of the sentences:
- •6. Open the brackets to insert the necessary forms of Infinitive:
- •7. Complete the sentences, using a verb given below:
- •The infinitive of purpose
- •2. Rewrite the sentences, using to – infinitive:
- •4. Tick the correct sentence:
- •6. Read the sentences about the past. Make negative sentences about the future:
- •The Gerund Герундий Герундиальные формы времени и залога
- •Употребление герундия
- •Герундий как член предложения.
- •1. Translate into your native language, be attentively with Gerund:
- •2. Complete these sentences, putting the verbs into the gerund and using one of the following prepositions. Some of them are used more than once:
- •3. Translate into your native language, be attentively with Gerund:.
- •4. Open the brackets, using the Gerund in active or passive forms:
- •5. Translate into your native language, pay attention to nouns and pronouns before the Gerund:
- •6. Fill the gaps with the gerund from the box. Use each verb once only:
- •7. Write these sentences, changing the verbs into gerunds:
- •8. Rewrite these sentences, starting with a gerund. You may need to change
- •10. Complete the sentences using the Gerund:
- •Revision for all materials
- •1 Variant
- •2 Variant
- •3 Variant
- •4 Variant
- •5 Variant
- •6 Variant
- •7 Variant
- •Examination tests test-1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Bibliograhpy
Infinitive of the Passive Voice
Инфинитив страдательного залога
Инфинитив страдательного залога образуется из инфинитива глагола to be и причастия 2 смыслового глагола, например : to be shown быть показанным, показываться.
Инфинитив страдательного залога можно образовать от любого объектного глагола :
to give – to be given
to send for – to be sent for
to talk about – to be talked about
Инфинитиве глагола в страдательном залоге употребляется в тех случаях, что и инфинитиве действительного залога, например, после глаголов to want,to like, после модальных глаголов can, must (без to ) в функции обстоятельства цели и т.д.
e.g.: Nobody likes to be sent for at night
This must be done at once.
He can’t be given a holiday now.
1. Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using 'somebody/they', write a passive sentence:
1. Somebody has cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned. 2. They have postponed the concert. The … 3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. The computer … . 4. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation. I didn't realize that … 5. When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game. When we got to the stadium, we found that …………. 6. They are building a new ring road round the city… . 7. They have built a new hospital near the airport. … .
2. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Sometimes the verb is active, sometimes passive:
1. There is somebody behind us. (I think/we/follow) I think we're being followed. 2. This room looks different. (you/paint?) … 3. My car has disappeared. (it/steal!) It … 4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody/take) Somebody … 5. Tom gets a higher salary now. (he/promote) … 6. Ann can't use her office at the moment. (it/redecorate) … 7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it's OK. (it/work/again; it/repair) 8. The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people/ arrest/last night) 9. A tree was lying across the road. (it/blow down/in the storm) 10. The man next door disappeared six month ago. (nobody/ see/ since then).
3. Turn these sentences into the Passive Voice:
1. Can we receive a single room with a private bath in you hotel? 2. The receptionist asked him to fill in a form in English. 3. The secretary showed Mr. Black into the President’s private room. 4. We must settle the problem in the shortest possible time. 5. They told me they would improve their model. 6. I could not find the book anywhere. 7. They serve breakfast from eight to eleven at this hotel.
Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
Согласование времен – это зависимость времени глагола придаточного предложения от времени действия главного предложения.
В английском языке необходимо строго соблюдать правило согласования времен. Если глагол главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени, то глагол придаточного предложения (обычно придаточного дополнительного) также должен стоять в одной из форм прошедшего времени.
При выборе форм прошедшего времени необходимо обратить внимание на следование действий в главном и придаточном предложениях:
- если действие придаточного предложения одновременно с действием главного, то глагол придаточного предложения употребляются в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.
e.g.: I thought that the children were watching TV. – Я думала, что дети смотрят телевизор.
She new that they went to the swimming pool very often. – Она знала, что они часто ходят в бассейн.
- если действие придаточного предложения предшествует действию главного, то глагол придаточного предложения употребляется в Past Perfect или Past Perfect Continuous:
e.g.: He thought that they had left. - Он думал, что они уже уехали.
We that they had been working since morning. - Мы знали, что они работали с утра.
- если действие, придаточного следует за действием главного предложения, то есть оно является будущим по отношению к прошедшей ситуации, то глагол придаточного предложения употребляется в особой форме Future-in-the-Past – будущее в прошедшем, которое образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола would и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to:
e.g.: They knew that I would wait for them. – Они знали, что я буду их ждать.
He said that he would be working at 5. – Он сказал, что он будет работать в пять часов.
Иначе говоря, общим является так называемое правило «один шаг назад»: Present становится Past, Past становится Past Perfect, will становится would:
Present Indefinite: I do… |
Past Indefinite: I did… |
|
Present Continuous: I am doing… |
Past Continuous: I was doing… |
|
Present Perfect: I have done… |
Past Perfect: I had done… |
|
Past Indefinite: I did… |
Past Perfect: I had done… |
|
Past Continuous: I was doing… |
Past Рerfect Continuous: I had been doing… |
|
Past Perfect: I had done… |
Не меняется. |
|
will |
would |
|
can |
could |
|
may |
might |
|
must |
Must had to |
|
could might should needn’t |
have done |
Не меняются.
|
Главное предложение |
Дополнительное придаточное предложение |
Simple Past |
Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Future in the Past
|
I knew that they had a French class every Tuesday. Я знал что у них занятие по французскому языку по вторникам. (каждый вторник)
I knew that they were having a French class then. Я знал, что у них сейчас занятие по французскому языку.
I knew that they had already had a French class. Я знал, что у них уже было занятие по французскому языку.
I knew that they would have a French class the next day. Я знал, что у них завтра занятие по французскому языку.
Future in the Past употребляется для выражения действия, которое совершилось в прошлом после прошедшего действия, выраженного в главном предложении.