9. Translate the following pairs of derivatives.

V – N to apply – application to combust – combustion to produce – production to circulate – circulation to convect – convection to conduct – conduction to radiate – radiation to operate – operation to install – installation to provide – provision to absorb – absorbtion N – V heat – to heat demand – to demand use – to use convert – to convert

present – to present air – to air water – to water place – to place design – to design control – to control function – to function power – to power size – to size process – to process waste – to waste part – to part transfer – to transfer end – to end pass – to pass limit – to limit manufacture – to manufacture

10. Transform as in the models.

Model 1 «Verb – Noun»: to transport the energy – the transportation of energy

to apply force, to combust fossil fuels, to produce power, to circulate air, to convert water, to conduct light, to convect heat, to operate a boiler, to construct a shell, to install a unit, to absorb moisture

Model 2 «Noun – Noun»: the transportation of energy – energy transportation

11. Choose the right word or word–combination.

1. The boiler tubes, combustion chamber, and associated fuel, …, water, and exhaust systems are designed and controlled as an integrated complex.

a) air b)gas c) steam

2. Hot–water heating systems are equipped with special boilers that heat water to high temperatures but maintain sufficient … to keep it from vaporizing.

a) tension b) compression c) pressure

3.…is the major fuel, but most boilers are readily convertible from one fuel to another.

a) oil b) coal c) gas

4. The most important part of any boiler is the…, the area where water absorbs enough energy to become steam

a) exhaust system b) heat–transfer surface c) heat–circulation medium

5. … consist of a cylindrical shell with flat ends in which the water is contained and through which the tubes pass.

a) bent–tube boilers b) water–tube boilers c) fire–tube boilers

6. The efficiency of modern boilers is extremely high, approaching … for large boilers with heat conservation devices.

a) 90% b) 40% c) 70%

12. Insert the appropriate words.

a) water–tube boilers b) a combustion chamber c) tubes

d) a pressure vessel e) efficiency f) heating systems

1. Boiler is … in which water is converted to steam by the application of heat.

2. Fuel is usually burned in ….

3. Most modern boilers are …boilers.

4. In some small modern plants, the combustion gases are passed through … that are immersed in the water.

5. Small fire–tube units are still manufactured, chiefly for domestic and small industrial ….

6. In small–capacity boilers, where the heat–absorption surface is often inadequate, … is lower.