Make up the equations o f the reactionss

GeO₂ + H₂ =

SnO₂ + C =

PbS + O₂ =

PbO + C =

Sn + HCl =

Ge + HNO₃ =

Sn + HNO_{3 (diluted)} =

Sn + HNO_{3 (concentrated)} =

Pn + HNO₃ =

Sn + NaOH + H₂O =

Ge(OH)₂ + H =

Sn(OH)₂ + OH =

SnCl₂ + H₂O =

SnCl₂ + HgCl₂ =

Na₂[Sn(OH)₄] + Bi(OH)₃ =

GeO₂ + H₂O =

Sn + O₂ =

SnCl₄ + NH₄OH =

Pb(NO₃)₂ + Cl₂ + NaOH =

PbO₂ + PbO =

Pb₃O₄ + HNO₃ =

PbO₂ + HCl =

Experimental section

1. Materials and equipment: metallic zinc, red lead, lead (IV) oxide, solutions of tin (ІІ) chloride, tin (IV) chloride, mercury (ІІ) chloride, iron (ІІІ) chloride, lead (ІІ) nitrate, lead (ІІ) acetate, calcium hypochlorite - chloride, manganese (ІІ) sulphate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, bromine water, litmus, concentrated hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, 100 mls beakers, test tubes, glass rods.

2. Chemical properties of tin

2.1. Place 2-3 mls of 0,5N tin (IV) chloride solution into a test tube immerse a plate of metallic zinc in it. What can you observe? Give the equation of the reaction.

2.2. Place 4-6 drops of 0,5N tin (ІІ) chloride solution into each of two test tubes and add 1-3 drops of 2 M sodium hydroxide solution in each of them until the precipitate forms. Add to this precipitate 3-5 drops of 2 M solutions: of hydrochloric acid into the first test tube, of sodium hydroxide into the other one. What can you observe? Give the equations of the relevant reactions and make a conclusion on acid-base properties of the obtained precipitate.

2.3. Put some crystals of tin (ІІ) chloride into a test tube and add 2-3 mls of neutral litmus solution. What can you observe? Explain formation of the precipitate. Give the equations of the hydrolysis in the molecular and ionic forms.

2.4. Place 4-6 drops of 0,5N tin (ІІ) chloride solution into each of two test tubes and add 3-5 drops of 0,5N solutions: of mercury (ІІ) chloride into the first, of iron (ІІІ) chloride into the other one. What can you observe? Give the equations of the relevant reactions.

3. Chemical properties of lead

3.1. Place 4-6 drops of lead (ІІ) nitrate solution into each of two test tubes and add in each one 1-3 drops of 2 M sodium hydroxide solution until precipitate forms. Add to this precipitate 3-5 drops of 2M solution: of hydrochloric acid into the first, of sodium hydroxide into the other one. What can you observe? Give the equations of the relevant reactions and make a conclusion on acid-base properties of the obtained precipitate.

3.2. Place 4-6 drops of 0,5N lead (ІІ) nitrate solution into a test tube and add an excess amount of 1M sodium hydroxide solution. What can you observe? Then add an excess amount of bromine water and cautiously heat up the test tube. What can you observe? What properties does lead (ІІ) show? Give the equations of the relevant reactions.

3.3. Place 4-6 drops of 0,5N solution of lead (ІІ) acetate into a test tube and add 1-2 g of calcium hypochlorite - chloride and heat up. What can you observe? Give the equations of the relevant reactions.

3.4. Put some crystals of red lead into a test tube and add by drops 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. How does the colour of the precipitate change? Give the equations of the relevant reactions.

3.5. Place 2-3 drops of 0,5N manganese (ІІ) sulphate solution, 5 mls of concentrated nitric acid into a test tube and add 1 microspatula of lead (IV) oxide. Heat up the mixture in the test tube until boiling. What can you observe? What properties does lead (IV) oxide show in these reactions? Give the equations of the relevant reactions.

Laboratory work 13