Закріплення попередніх знань. Кераміка

Ex. 1. Прочитайте та запам’ятайте наступні слова та вирази:

clay - глина

harden – ставати твердим, тверднути

heat – жара, спека

craft - ремесло

disseminate – розповсюджувати, поширювати

refinement -1очищення, рафінування; 2) удосконалення 3) витонченість , вишуканість, добірність

translucent -1) що просвічує 2) напівпрозорий

imparted -1) наділяти, надавати 2) передавати baking - випікання

permeating -1) проникати, проходити крізь, просочувати 2) поширюватися ( among,

through, into) ground down – розмелювати(ся)

kiln – піч (сушильна, випалювальна)

ware - вироби

china ware — фарфор, порцеляна

delft ware — фаянсовий посуд

expedient – доцільний, придатний, вигідний, доречний

glaze – глазур, полива, глянс

sustained – тривалий, безперервний

fuel – паливо, пальне

staple – основний, головний

pottery -1) гончарні вироби 2) гончарна справа 3) гончарна майстерня

supplanted – вижити, витіснити

sazardous – ризикований, небезпечний

flux –флюс, плавень

Ex. 2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст:

Ceramics

The potter shapes things in clay and then hardens them by heat. The craft is one of the oldest and most widely disseminated in the world. Clay is used for architectural and industrial purposes as well as for the domestic ones of cooking, eating, pharmacy, etc. All of these uses are comprehended in the word 'ceramics', and derived from the ancient Greek .

Clays are seldom found in a pure state, and need a great deal of refinement and manipulation before they can be used. Most clays also need to be mixed with fluxes and other ingredients to give plasticity or stability, colour or whiteness or translucency. Few of the necessary ingredients are commonly found in one place.

The potter's wheel is the basic tool of the trade. It was used in the Near East before 3000 b.c. The shape imparted to the clay is made permanent by baking, or 'firing¹. To prevent liquids permeating the ware, and to keep it cleaner, it has generally been found expedient to apply a glaze. The heat for firing the pottery must be controlled and sustained.

The kiln was invented in the Middle East, some 6,000 years ago. For fuel primitive man used whatever came to hand. Wood has been the staple fuel for developed pottery, being supplanted by coal, gas, etc., only in the last two centuries. In general the greater the heat the more compact and tough is the 'body¹ of the ware. But firing is a very hazardous process unless it is perfectly understood and controlled, as even-beginner knows. Baked clay cannot be re-formed; it can only be ground down.

Ex. 3. Поставте п’ять запитань до тексту.

Ex. 4. Вставте пропущенні слова:

refinement, re-formed,controlled, understood, disseminated, baking, invented, hazardous, manipulation, domestic, staple, firing, pottery, ingredients, craft, imparted, eating

1. The ______is one of the oldest and most widely ________in the world.

2. Clay is used for architectural and industrial purposes as well as for the _______ones of cooking, ______, pharmacy, etc.

3. Clays are seldom found in a pure state, and need a great deal of _________ and _________ before they can be used.

4. Few of the necessary ________ are commonly found in one place.

5. The shape __________ to the clay is made permanent by _________, or 'firing¹.

6. The heat for _________the pottery must be _________ and sustained.

7. The kiln was ________ in the Middle East, some 6,000 years ago.

8. Wood has been the ________ fuel for developed _________, being supplanted by coal, gas, etc., only in the last two centuries.

9. But firing is a very _________process unless it is perfectly _________and controlled, as even-beginner knows.

10. Baked clay cannot be________; it can only be ground down.

Ex. 5. Поєднайте слова з лівого стовпчика з їх перекладом:

1. clay

2. craft

3. kiln

4. china ware

5. ware

6. staple

7. fuel

8. supplanted

9. sazardous

10. flux

a. ризикований

b. піч

c. пальне

d. фарфор

e. флюс

f. основний

g. глина

h. витіснити

i. вироби

j. ремесло

Ex. 6. Відмітьте в яких реченнях допущенні помилки:

1. The potter shapes things in clay and then hardens them by the heat.

2. Clay is used for architectural and industrial purposes as well as for the domestic ones of cooking, eating, pharmacy, etc.

3. All of these uses are comprehended in the word 'ceramics', and derived from the ancient Greek .

4. Clays are seldom found in a pure state, and need a great deal of refinement and manipulation before they can been used.

5. Most clays also need to be mixed with fluxes and other ingredients to gave plasticity or stability, colour or whiteness or translucency.

6. Few of the necessary ingredients are commonly found in one place.

7. To prevent liquids permeating the ware, and to keep it cleaner, it has generally been found expedient to apply a glaze.

8. The heat for firing the pottery must be controlled and sustained.

9. For fuel primitive man used the what ever came to hand.

10. But firing is a very hazardous pracess unless it is perfectly understood and controlled, as even-beginner knows.

Ex. 7. Складіть власний діалог за темою уроку.

Домашнє завдання:

Ex. 1. Вивчити новий лексичний матеріал.

Ex. 8. Перекажіть текст “Ceramics”

Ex.9. Підкресліть Participle I ,II та перекладіть речення:

1. You received your additional information sent yesterday.

2. The boys working in this collective farm during their summer holidays made much money.

3. The machines made at our plant are exported to several countries.

4. The men making the report about money and economic relations is our dean.

Питання для самоконтролю:

1. What is Ceramics?

2. Як утворюється та коли вживається Participle I?

3. Як утворюється та коли вживається Participle ІI?

Unit 26. Sculpture