Мистецтво середніх віків і Ренесансу
Ex. 1. Прочитайте, перекладіть текст та випишіть незнайомі слова:
Empires, as you have learned, come and go. Rome was no exception. In the fifth century, this great empire suffered the fate that had earlier claimed Egypt, Greece, and the Indus River valley civilization. The period following Rome’s collapse was one of chaos. Today we know this time in history as the Middle Ages. It lasted some one thousand years.
ART OF THE MIDDLE AGES
After Rome fell, some of its great temples and palaces were torn down. The stone was carried off and used to build fortresses. These were built to keep invaders out. In time, structures of this type led to a new form of architecture. Architecture is the art of planning and creating buildings.
Castle Building
You probably recognize the structure in Figure 31–1. It is a castle. This is a fort like dwelling with high walls and towers. Many castles were further protected by moats and drawbridges. Guards stationed in the towers would sound the alarm when enemies approached.
Study the castle in Figure 31–1. Do you think the architect’s main concern was safety or comfort?
31-1
Cathedral Building
31-2
Just before Rome fell, Christianity spread throughout much of Europe. During the Middle Ages, the Church remained the single strongest force.
By around 1300, a new type of building began to appear. This type of structure is shown in Figure 31–2. It was a special type of church known as a cathedral (kuh-thee-druhl).
Compare the cathedral in this picture with the castle in Figure 31–1. The cathedral has graceful, upwardly soaring lines.
Ex. 2. Складіть чотири запитання до тексту.
Ex. 3. Заповніть пропуски:
The period following Rome’s … was one of chaos.
After Rome fell, some of its great temples and … were torn down.
Many castles were further protected by … and drawbridges.
During the Middle Ages, the Church remained the … strongest force.
The cathedral has graceful, upwardly … lines.
Ex. 4. Складіть діалог за даною темою.
Ex. 5. Поставте подані нижче речення в заперечній та запитальній формі:
Africa has many traditions and a variety of cultures.
This culture is believed to have sprung to life around 5000 B.C.
The tiger was believed to chase evil.
The dragon was thought to bring luck.
The subject will be a well-known figure from American or world history.
Домашнє завдання:
Ex. 1. Вивчити новий лексичний матеріал.
Ex. 6. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст:
Renaissance Painting
The Renaissance was a time of great discoveries in art as well. Painters achieved a level of realism never before imagined by using perspective to give depth and shading to provide three-dimensionality. This realism is evident in the painting in
Figure 31–3. The work was done sometime after the Renaissance. Notice the attention to detail. Every fold in the woman’s clothing is faithfully recorded. So is the glint in her eye. Look at her expression. What do you suppose she is thinking about as she pauses from playing her violin?
Питання для самоконтролю:
1. What is meant by the term Middle Ages?
2. What changes occurred in art during the Renaissance?
Unit 31. Контрольний зріз знань.
Unit 32. Art of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries