Unit 10 development of industrial robotics

Vocabulary

1. industrial robotics – промышленная робототехника

2. robot manipulator – робот-манипулятор

3. axis (pl. axes) – координатная ось; (управляемая) координата

4. subsequent – последующий

5. automatically programmed tool (APT) – станок с автоматическим программным управлением

6. remote – отдалённый

7. location – позиция; положение

8. arm – (механическая) рука; рычаг; звено(манипулятора)

9. hand – (механическая) рука

10. to duplicate – дублировать

11. to provide the concept – давать понятие

12. to contribute the notion – давать представление

13. die casting – литьё под давлением

14. to originate – давать начало; создавать

15. to team – объединяться

Vocabulary Exercises

I. Read and translate the words of the same stem:

1. industry – industrialist – industrial

2. to develop – developer – development

3. to design – designer – designing

4. to manipulate – manipulator – manipulation

5. to demonstrate – demonstrator – demonstration

6. mechanics – mechanic – mechanical

7. to combine – combined – combination

8. to install – installation

9. to operate – operator – operation

10. to invent – inventor – inventive – invention

11. to program – programmer – programming – programmable

II. Find the English equivalents for the Russian words:

станок обсуждать программирование основывать исследование робототехника сочетание разработка устанавливать деталь позиция

a. combination b. machine tool c. research d. robotics e. location f. part g. to discuss h. programming i. to base j. to install k. development

III. Make up the word-combinations and translate them:

to establish to promote to perform to move to unload to discuss

a. the use of robots b. useful work c. the first corporation in robotics d. the development of industrial robotics e. a mechanical arm f. the parts

Text 10A

I. Read and translate the text:

Industrial Robotics

Industrial robotics is an automation technology that has received considerable attention since about 1960. This section will discuss the development of industrial robotics, the design of the robot manipulator, and the methods of programming robots.

Development of Robotics

Robotics is based on two related technologies: numerical control and teleoperators.

Numerical control (NC) is a method of controlling machine tool axes by means of numbers that have been coded on a punched paper tape or other media. It was developed during the late 1940s and early 1950s. The first numerical control machine tool was demonstrated in 1952 in the United States at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT¹). The subsequent research at MIT led to the development of the APT (Automatically Programmed Tools) language for programming machine tools.

A teleoperator is a mechanical manipulator that is controlled by a human from a remote location. The initial work on the design of teleoperators can be traced to the handling of radioactive materials in the early 1940s. In a typical implementation, a human moves a mechanical arm and hand at one location, and these motions are duplicated by the manipulator at another location.

Industrial robotics can be considered a combination of numerical control and teleoperator technologies. Numerical control provides the concept of a programmable industrial machine, and teleoperator technology contributes the notion of a mechanical arm to perform useful work. The first industrial robot was installed in 1961 to unload parts from a die-casting operation. Its development was due largely to the efforts of the Americans George C. Devol, an inventor, and Joseph F. Engelberger, a businessman. Devol originated the design for a programmable manipulator, the U.S. patent for which was issued in 1961. Engelberger teamed with Devol to promote the use of robots in industry and to establish the first corporation in robotics – Unimation , Inc.

Note:

¹MIT – Massachusetts Institute of Technology – Массачусетский технологический институт