Choose the key metabolite that combines carbohydrates catabolic pathways with anabolic processes in lipids metabolism:

A. Serine

B. Alanine

C. Acetyl~SCoA*

D. Mevalonate

E. Pyruvate

What plasma lipoproteins, whose levels rise, are inversely correlated with atherosclerosis? :

1. Nascent chylomicrones

2. Fatty acid-albumins complex

3. High density lipoproteins*

4. Low density lipoproteins

5. Remnant chylomicrones

Cholesterol is the precursor for synthesis of all pointed below hormones except:

1. Cortisol

2. Aldosterone

3. Progesterone

4. Testosterone

5. Insulin*

Find out the vitamin derivative that is synthesized from cholesterol in humans:

A. Progesterone

B. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol*

C. Estradiol

D. Cholesterol ester

E. Testosterone

The main chemical compounds for cholesterol synthesis are:

1. Acetyl CoA, NADPH, ATP*

2. Malonyl CoA, NADPH, ATP

3. Acetyl CoA, GTP, pantothenate

4. Acyl CoA, carnitine, ATP

5. Glycerol, phosphate, choline

Kidney Examination of cell culture got from a patient with lysosomal pathology revealed accumulation of great quantity of lipids in the lysosomes. What of the following diseases is this disturbance typical for?

1. Gout

2. Phenylketonuria

3. Wilson disease

4. Tay-Sachs disease*

5. Galactosemia

Point out the hormone that decreases the rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue:

A. Epinephrine

B. ACTH

C. Somatotropin

D. Insulin*

E. Glucagon

Choose the factor that can cause the 7-dehydrocholesterol conversion into vitamin D₃ (in skin, only):

1. The accumulation of cholesterol

2. Cytochrome P450

3. Hydroxylase action

D. UV-light*

E. Low levels of oxygen in the blood

Choose the incorrect statement related to biological role of cholesterol:

A. It is a structural component of membrane

B. It is an energy source for cells*

C. It is precursor for bile salts

D. It is precursor for glucocorticoids

E. It is precursor for sex hormones

The analysis of the blood of the patient has revealed the considerable growth of VLDL and autoimmune LDL levels. Specify the pathology that can be in the patient:

A. Acromegaly

B. Phenylketonuria

C. Diabetes insipidus

D. Atherosclerosis*

E. Viral hepatitis

In Niemann-Pick`s disease the following substances accumulate in CNS in excess levels:

1. Triacylglycerols

2. Lysophosphingosides

3. Phosphoinositides

4. Sphingomyelins*

5. Cholesterol esters

One of the following is scavenger of cholesterol from tissue and prevents atherosclerosis:

1. VLDL

2. LDL

3. Chylomicrons

4. HDL*

5. Carnitine

Gaucher`s disease is due to the accumulation of:

1. Glucose

2. Glucocerebroside*

3. Galactose

4. Sphingomyelin

5. Triacylglycerol

Liebermann-Burchardt reaction is used for the identification of :

1. Galactose

2. Glucose

3. Cholesterol*

4. Prostaglandins

5. Urea

The best marker for dislipidemia is:

A. LDL/HDL*

B. Serum cholesterol

C. Cholesterol/TG

D. Blood cholesterol

E. Cholesterol/HDL

Which of the following is found in conjugation with bile acids:

A. Cholic acid

B. Pregnenolone

C. Glycine*

D. Cholyl acetyl-CoA

E. Hydrochloric acid

The rate limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis is:

A. HMG-Co-A reductase

B. Decarboxylase

C. HMG-CoA synthetase

D. 7-Alpha hydroxylase*

E. 7-Beta hydroxylase

A 12-year old patient was found to have blood serum cholesterol at the rate of 25 mmol/l. The boy has a history of hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia, which is caused by the impaired synthesis of the following protein receptors to:

Low density lipoproteins*

High density lipoproteins

Intermediate density lipoproteins

Very low density lipoproteins

Chylomicrons

A 67-year old male patient consumes eggs, pork fat, butter, milk and fatty meal. Blood test results: cholesterol – 12,3 mmol/l, total lipids – 8,2 g/l, increased low-density lipoprotein fraction (LDL). What type of hyperlipoproteinemia is observed in the patient?

1. Cholesterol, hyperlipoproteinemia

2. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa*

3. Hyperlipoproteinemia type I

4. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIb

5. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV

One of the factors that cause obesity is the inhibition of fatty acids oxidation due to:

1. Choline deficiency

2. Impaired phospholipids synthesis

3. Low level of carnitine*

4. Lack of carbohydrates in the diet

5. Excessive consumption of fatty foods

A patient underwent a course of treatment for atherosclerosis. Laboratory tests revealed an increase in the anti-atherogenic lipoprotein fraction in the blood plasma. The treatment efficacy is confirmed by the increase in:

1. HDL *

2. LDL

3. VLDL

4. Chylomicrons

5. IDL