- •1. Types of exercises for learning English grammar.
- •1. Types of exercises for learning English grammar.
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- •1. The most common difficulties in listening comprehension.
- •1. Resources for teaching listening.
- •1. Resources for teaching listening.
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- •Answers: Card 1
- •1. Principles of teaching grammar are based on the following approaches:
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- •Reasons for listening:
- •To get the gist.
- •Purposes for teaching listening:
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- •1. Difficulties with comprehension of language form:
- •2. Personal answer Card 14
- •1. Difficulties with comprehension of language form:
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- •Video materials:
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- •Video materials:
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- •Video materials:
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- •2. Possible answer:
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- •1. To train learners’ oral speech:
- •2. To stimulate learners to master English language and culture
- •3. To stimulate learners to think in English.
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1. Principles of teaching grammar are based on the following approaches:
Conscious approach: short and simple presentation of a grammar item with its contrast in L1 and L2 or within L2 only. Rules are learnt not for grammar knowledge but for grammar usage.
Practical approach: learning grammar items necessary for immediate use in oral or written language. Students perform various exercises with a grammar item.
Structural approach: grammar items are introduced and drilled in structures or sentence patterns. Learners learn sentence patterns and how to use them in oral and written language.
Situational approach: learning a grammar item in different situations Possessive case in the classroom – this is Anna’s bag. that is Peter’s pen, etc.
Different approach: teaching of active grammar minimum (for speaking) and passive grammar minimum (for reading and writing). Selection of grammar material should be based also on the principle of frequency (the Present Simple (Indefinite) is frequently used both in conversation and in various texts. Therefore it should be included in the grammar minimum.
2. Conscious approach - because it implies the introduction to grammar material which is necessary for further practice in written and oral speech.
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1.
Recognition exercises: they help learners to recognize grammar items in structures (sentence patterns) while listening and reading.
Drill exercises (repetitive drill, substitution, completion, answering the questions): they help learners to reproduce grammar items while speaking and writing.
Creative exercises (making statements on the picture the teacher shows, or on objects; asking questions with a grammar item; speaking about the situation offered by the teacher; speaking on a topic; making dialogues with a grammar item; telling the story (read, heard); translating into English): they help learners to produce sentences with grammar items in speaking or writing.
Grammar tests: they help teacher and learners to see and evaluate progress in grammar.
2.
Repetitive drill (Teacher: They are dancing in the park. Class: They are dancing in the park. Individuals: They are dancing in the park).
Substitution (The children are dancing (playing, singing, etc.) in the park (street, garden, hall, etc.)
Completion (Teacher: Look at the picture. Mike is ... ... . Learner: Mike is getting up. Class: Mike is getting up. Teacher: Mike is ... ... . Learner: Mike is dressing. Class: Mike is dressing , etc.)
Answering the questions (Teacher: Is Mike getting up? Learner: Yes, he is. Teacher: Who is getting up? Learner: Mike is. Teacher: What is Mike doing? Learner: He is getting up).
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1.
Recognition exercises: they help learners to recognize grammar items in structures (sentence patterns) while listening and reading.
Drill exercises (repetitive drill, substitution, completion, answering the questions): they help learners to reproduce grammar items while speaking and writing.
Creative exercises (making statements on the picture the teacher shows, or on objects; asking questions with a grammar item; speaking about the situation offered by the teacher; speaking on a topic; making dialogues with a grammar item; telling the story (read, heard); translating into English): they help learners to produce sentences with grammar items in speaking or writing.
Grammar tests: they help teacher and learners to see and evaluate progress in grammar.
2. Drill exercise – substitution:
Can you ride a bicycle?
Can you taste something sweet in this?
Can you see your street on this map?
Can you hear someone laughing?
Can you smell the gas?
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1.
Recognition exercises: they help learners to recognize grammar items in structures (sentence patterns) while listening and reading.
Drill exercises (repetitive drill, substitution, completion, answering the questions): they help learners to reproduce grammar items while speaking and writing.
Creative exercises (making statements on the picture the teacher shows, or on objects; asking questions with a grammar item; speaking about the situation offered by the teacher; speaking on a topic; making dialogues with a grammar item; telling the story (read, heard); translating into English): they help learners to produce sentences with grammar items in speaking or writing.
Grammar tests: they help teacher and learners to see and evaluate progress in grammar.
2.
Grammar test. It consists of a question and four (three) variants of answer to choose. Generally, grammar tests may consist of different tasks, for example, fill in the blanks, open the brackets, do transformations: make sentences negative, change into plural, making statements on the picture…