Билет 25

1. Communicative method of teaching speaking: presentation, practice, production.

2. What is the role of feedback in communicative method of teaching speaking?

Answers: Card 1

1. Grammar is very important in foreign language teaching:

1. To understand a foreign language

2. To express oneself correctly, automatically and spontaneously without thinking over grammar rules

3. To be able to read and write in L2

2.

Grammar is an important tool in reading, writing, speaking and listening. Without grammar while using the four skills we can only recognize, perceive, understand and reproduce separate words but not their grammatical forms and their grammatical connections. So without grammar we won’t be able to understand the meaning of sentences and the whole message or text.

In reading and listening we should perceive, recognize and understand grammatical forms of words and grammatical constructions.

In writing and speaking we should reproduce them.

Card 2

1.

1. Word order. In English, word order is more important than in Russian: Tom gave Helen a rose.

Helen gave Tom a rose. In Russian inflexions are very important: Том дал Лене розу, Лене дал Том розу

Learners often break the word order so they do a lot of mistakes in expressing their thoughts.

2. Tense system. The English tense system is difficult for learners because of the difference of tense systems in Russian and English: I have seen him today. I saw him yesterday. For learners the action is completed in both sentences. They do not pay attention to the adverbs today and yesterday in the sentences.

3. The sequence of tenses. It is difficult for learners because there is no the sequence of tenses phenomenon in Russian: She is busy. She said she was busy. In the second sentence we change “is” to “was” because of the sequence of tenses.

4. Modal verbs. The use of modal verbs in different types of sentences is very difficult for the learners: May I go home? No, you mustn't. May I take your pen? Yes, you may. Must I do it? No, you needn't. I didn’t must do that. Learners often use them with auxiliary verbs.

5. Article. Articles are absent in Russian. Learners often don’t use them because they think articles are not important. Teaching English grammar must begin with explanation and practice of articles: This is a pen. The pen is red. This is my pen and that is his pen.

6. Prepositions. Prepositions in English and Russian don’t often match. To get about - путешествовать (в русском языке предлог отсутствует), to get at – (достать, добраться до)

7. Auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are absent in Russian. The verbs do and have may be auxiliary and notional at a time: What do you do at your free time? What have you had for breakfast today?

8. Verb forms. There are a lot of verb forms in English that confuse Russian learners: (have - has -had; do –does – did)

2.

1. teacher should introduce and explain new and difficult grammar items

2. learners should practice them in drills, practical and communicative exercises.

3. feedback discussion of grammar difficulties.

4. revise difficult material.

Card 3

1. The Grammar translation method focuses on deductive presentation of grammar: grammar is presented in the first turn by rules with grammatical forms and their detailed analysis with no relation to real communication. It is realized in four steps: Presentation - teacher presents grammar rules. Illustration - teacher illustrates rules with examples in L2. Application - learners learn the rules. Practice – learners practice grammatical forms in drills and translation. Teacher controls the process.

2. 1) A 2) A 3) D 4) A 5) A

Card 4

1. Deductive method of teaching grammar:

• Rules (forms) are taught directly and before practice: it is more simply than formation of rules by the students from the examples while practicing.

• Teacher explains and describes grammar rules in L 1 with examples in L2.

• It helps to compare grammatical forms in L1 and L2.

• Learners use the correct grammatical forms.

• It saves time.

Inductive method of teaching grammar:

• Grammar is taught in context.

• Learners learn how to deal with grammatical forms through communication, not the abstract terms.

• Learners think and take active part in learning.

• Teaching and learning grammar are interesting and motivated.

• It involves a lot of practice.

• Learners are less dependent on teacher

2.

• Grammar is not taught directly and clearly. It may lead to wrong understanding of grammar.

• Learners often have to form rules by themselves. It takes a lot of time and energy. It can defeat learners’ desire to form rules. They often wish to be told the rules.

• Not always L1 is used in the process of teaching grammar. It doesn’t help to compare grammatical forms in L1 and L2.

Card 5

1. Communicative method of teaching grammar focuses on inductive presentation of grammar: grammar is presented only as a tool for correct real-life communication through practice it in integrated tasks. It is widely-used nowadays in teaching grammar. It is realized in following steps: Presentation – teacher presents grammatical forms in a context through reading, listening, brainstorming, checks if the forms are clear to learners. Learners repeat them. Analysis of grammatical forms – teacher presents more examples on the blackboard and explains them or helps learners to form a rule from the examples. Practice – learners do a lot of mechanical written exercises to train accurate usage of grammatical forms (fill-in exercises). Production – learners do a lot of communicative exercises on fluent usage of grammatical forms (games, interviews, dialogues, problem-solving, etc.)

2. Feedback is necessary because teacher checks learners’ grammar knowledge: draws learners’ attention to grammatical problems and discuss.

Card 6