- •Writing Guidelines for Master Programme Students
- •T able of contents
- •Language and Style
- •Text Organisation
- •3. Basic Directions for Laying Out the Text
- •4. Formatting and Content Guidelines for Specific Sections
- •4A. Title Page
- •4B. List of Abbreviations
- •4C. Table of Contents
- •4E. Appendices
- •5. Pagination
- •6. Integrating Lists
- •7. Integrating Diagrams and Tables
- •8. Integrating Sources into the Text
- •9. Integrating Linguistic Data
- •10. Punctuation and Abbreviations
- •11. Paraphrasing and Summarising
- •12. References
- •Title title title title title title title title title
- •Назва назва назва назва
- •Table of contents
10. Punctuation and Abbreviations
This section focuses on Latin abbreviations common to scholarly papers which can be used without definitions.
Do not italicise or underline Latin abbreviations.
Use Latin abbreviations inside of parentheses only, that is, when you are making a parenthetical statement. When used outside of parentheses, replace Latin abbreviations with their English equivalents.
|
Meaning |
Example |
Notes |
cf. |
‘compare’, ‘consult’ (provides contrasting information) |
Brown (2010) found supportive results in her experiment, unlike those of previous work (cf. Jones (2007)). |
Never put a comma after. Use ‘cf.’ to contrast; to compare, use ‘see’ or ‘see also’. |
e.g., |
‘for example’ |
Some studies (e.g., Brown & Morgan (2010); Smith (2009)) have supported this conclusion. |
Always put a comma after. |
etc. |
‘and so on’ |
Students ranked their school subjects (chemistry, math, etc.) in order of preference. A majority ranked science-related subjects (biology etc.) as their second favorite. |
Put a comma before if used to end a list of at least two other items. |
i.e., |
‘that is’ (used to give specific clarification) |
a walking boot which is synthetic, i.e. not leather |
Always put a comma after. |
viz., |
‘namely’ |
We first replicated our earlier study (viz., Black & Avery (2008)) and then extended it. |
Always put a comma after. |
vs. |
‘versus’ |
(low vs. high) |
Never put a comma after |
Avoid the use of slashes. If two terms are possible, use one, or give both and use ‘and’ or ‘or’ in between. Do not use ‘s/he’, but make a choice or use ‘they’.
Spell out numbers below 100. State in figures precise numbers, units of measurement, and numbers above 100.
11. Paraphrasing and Summarising
Do not enclose the words of the summary and paraphrase in the quotation marks.
Indicate the author’s name and the year in parentheses at the end of the summary, for example, (Robson 1999) if the name of the author is not a part of the sentence.
If your sentence contains the name of the author, indicate only the year when the source was published (e.g., Robson (1999) points out …).
12. References
You must reference all material you use from all sources and acknowledge your sources in the body of your paper each time you use a fact, a conclusion, an idea or a finding from someone's work. This establishes the authority of your work and acknowledges the researchers and writers you have drawn upon in your paper.
Arrange the sources alphabetically according to the language. Start with those in Cyrillic alphabet. Then list those in Latin alphabet.
Multiple publications by the same author should be listed in chronological order, repeating for each entry the author’s name and using letters to distinguish different items published in the same year by a given author.
Make separate lists for theoretical sources, reference materials and illustration materials. As a page heading, use LITERATURE CITED, LIST OF REFERENCES, LIST OF ILLUSTRATION MATERIALS in block letters centered on the page.
There exist different systems for documenting sources in the reference list. You should follow the rules given in the table below.
Reference for |
Example |
a journal article |
Абрамова Н. Т. Невербальные мыслительные акты в "зеркале" рационального сознания / Н. Т. Абрамова // Вопросы философии. – 1997. – № 7. – С. 99–113.
Allan K. The connotations of English colour terms: Colour-based X-phemisms / K. Allan // Journal of Pragmatics. – 2009. – Vol. 41. – P. 626–637. |
a book (one author) |
Алефиренко Н. Ф. Спорные проблемы семантики : [монография] / Николай Фёдорович Алефиренко. – Волгоград: Перемена, 1999. – 273 с.
Devitz J. R. The language of emotion / J. R. Devitz. – N.Y. : Prentice Hall, 1999. – 127 p. |
a book (two authors) |
Баранов А. И. Русская политическая метафора (материалы к словарю) / А. И. Баранов, Ю. Н. Караулов. – М. : Ин-т русского языка РАН, 1991. – 193 с.
Gamble T. K. Communication works / T. K. Gamble, M. Gamble. – N.Y. : Random House, 1987. – 440 р. |
a book (three authors) |
Иванова И. П. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка / Иванова И. П., Бурлакова В. В., Почепцов Г. Г. : [учебник для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз.]. – М. : Высшая школа, 1981. – 285 с.
Oatley K. Understanding emotions / Oatley K., Keltner D., Jenkins J. M. – [2nd ed.]. – N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell, 2006. – 536 p. |
a book (four and more authors) |
Філософія: Світ людини : [навч. посіб. для студ. вищ. навч. закл.] / В. Г. Табачковський, М. О. Булатов, Н. В. Хамітов та ін. – К. : Либідь, 2004. – 432 c.
Greek and Latin Roots: Keys to Building Vocabulary / T. Rasinski, N. Padak, R. M. Newton, E. Newton. – L.: Shell Education, 2008. – 221 p. |
a book (no author) |
Социальная психология личности в вопросах и ответах : [уч. пособие / под ред. проф. В. А. Лабунской]. – М. : Гардарики, 1999. – 397 с.
The Handbook of English Linguistics / [ed. B. Aarts, A. McMahon]. – Oxford : Blackwell Publishing, 2006. – 815 p. |
a part of a book |
Воробйова О. П. Ідея резонансу в лінгвістичних дослідженнях / О. П. Воробйова // Мова. Людина. Світ : [зб. наукових статей до 70-річчя проф. М. П. Кочергана / відп. ред. Тараненко О. О.]. – К.: Вид. центр КНЛУ, 2006. – С. 72–86.
Reddy M. The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language / M. Reddy // Metaphor and Thought / [ed. by A.Ortony]. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1993. – P. 202–224. |
a abstract of a thesis |
Кривенко Г. Л. Зоосемізми в українській та англійській мовах: семантико-когнітивний та функціонально-прагматичний аспекти : автореф. дис. на здобуття наук. ступеня канд. філол. наук : спец. 10.02.17 "Порівняльно-історичне і типологічне мовознавство" / Г. Л. Кривенко. – К., 2006. – 20 с. |
a thesis |
Козяревич Л. В. Вербальні й невербальні засоби емпатизації діалогічного дискурсу (на матеріалі англомовної прози ХХ століття) : дис. ... канд. філол. наук: 10.02.04 / Козяревич Ліана Василівна. – К., 2006. – 191 с. |
an e-source |
Черноиванова А. Мы все телепаты [Електронний ресурс] / А. Черноиванова. – 2005. – Режим доступу до статті: http://www.gazeta.ru/2005/04/28/oa_156168.htm.
Rajmohan V. Mirror neuron system [Електронний ресурс] / V. Rajmohan, E. E. Mohandas // Indian J Psychiatry. – 2007. – № 49. – P. 66–69. – Режим доступу до журн. : http://www.medknow.com.htm |
a dictionary |
Англо-русский фразеологический словарь [cост. Кунин А. В.]. – М.: Государственное издательство иностранных и национальных словарей, 1955. – 1455 с.
Collins English Dictionary. – [9th ed.]. – Glasgow : HarperCollins Publishers, 2007. – 1874 p. |
an e-dictionary |
Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary [Електронний ресурс]. – L. : Heinle ELT, 2006. – 1 електрон. опт. диск (CD-ROM). – Систем. вимоги: Pentium-266 ; 32 Mb RAM ; CD-ROM Windows 98/2000/NT/XP/Vista. – Назва з титул. екрану.
Macmillan Online Dictionary: Free British Dictionary and Thesaurus [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу до словн.: htpp://www.macmillandictionary.com.htm. |
SAMPLE TITLE PAGE 1
Ministry of Education, Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine
Kyiv National Linguistic University
Professor O. M. Morokhovsky Chair of English Lexicology and Stylistics
MASTER’S THESIS