Explanatory notes

1. Canberra ['kænb(ə)rə] – Канберра(столица Австралии)

2. precipitation [prɪֽsɪpɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n] – выпадение осадков

3. annually ['ænjuəlɪ] – ежегодно

4. abruptly [ə'brʌptlɪ] внезапно; круто, отвесно

5. escarpments [ɪs'kɑ:pmənt] – крутой откос насыпи, вала

6. plateau ['plætəu] – плоскогорье, плоская возвышенность

7. fertile ['fɜ:taɪl] – плодородный; изобилующий, богатый

8. Arnhem Land ['ɑ:nəm - ] – Арнемленд (полуостров на севере Австралии)

9. the Great Dividing Range – Большой Водораздельный хребет, горная система, протягивается вдоль восточного и юго-восточного побережья Австралии на 4 тыс. км.

10. platypus ['plætɪpəs] – утконос

11. spur [spɜ:] – подгонять, побуждать; стимулировать

12. indigenous[ɪn'dɪʤɪnəs] population – коренное население

13. aborigine [ֽæbə'rɪʤəɪ] – абориген Австралии

14. wipe out – уничтожать

15. recession [rɪ'seʃ(ə)n] – спад (производства, спроса на товары и т.п.)

16. gross domestic product (GDP) – валовой внутренний продукт, ВВП (совокупная стоимость товаров и услуг, созданных внутри страны за определенный период)

17. vest – наделять (правом), давать права

18. suffrage ['sʌfrɪʤ] – право голоса, избирательное право

19. allowance [ə'lauən(t)s] – денежное пособие

20. penal ['pi:n(ə)l] –уголовный; карательный

21. convict ['kɔnvɪkt] – заключённый; каторжник

22. strike – открытие месторождения

23. ANZAC ['ænzæk] – АНЗАК, Австралийский и новозеландский армейский экспедиционный корпус (во время Первой мировой войны)

24. entrench [ɪn'trenʧ] –обезопасить, защитить себя

25. aspire [əs'paɪə] – стремиться к достижению чего-л.

Unit 6 Canada

Read the text. Study the explanatory notes. Answer the questions after the text.

Introduction

Canada is a federated country in North America, made up of ten provinces and three territories. Canada is a vast nation with a wide variety of geological formations, climates, and ecological systems. It has rain forest, prairie grassland, deciduous¹ forest, tundra, and wetlands. Canada has more lakes and inland waters than any other country. It is renowned² for its scenery, which attracts millions of tourists each year. On a per-capita³ basis, its resource endowments⁴ are the second richest in the world after Australia.

Canada is the second largest country in the world. But Canada’s population density, at 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometre, is among the lowest in the world. This is because the north of Canada, with its harsh Arctic and sub-Arctic climates, is sparsely inhabited. Most Canadians live in the southern part of the country. More than three-quarters of them live in metropolitan areas, the largest of which are Toronto, Ontario; Montréal, Québec; Vancouver, British Columbia; Ottawa, Ontario; Hull, Québec; and Edmonton, Alberta. French and English are the official languages, and at one time most Canadians were of French or English descent. However, diversity⁵ increased with a wave of immigration in the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries that brought in people from many other European nations. This trend continues into the 21^st century: Canada is one of the few countries in the world that still has significant immigration programs. Since the 1970s most immigrants have come from Asia, increasing still further the diversity of the population. The most densely populated part of the country is the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor, situated in Southern Quebec and Southern Ontario along the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.