7. Переведите текст в с английского языка на русский и ответьте на вопросы.

PARTNERSHIP

Partnerships are voluntary combinations of from 2 to 20 persons formed for the purpose of carrying on business for profit. This type of organization represents a logical development from the one-person business. They may not only be financial and partnerships are often formed in order to bring new ability into business.

The partners usually share in the task of running the business, but a partner need not play an active role. A person who joins a partnership, supplying capital and sharing in the profits, but taking no part in the management is known as a dormant or sleeping partner. Partnerships are a common form of business organization in such professions as law, accountancy, and medicine.

The advantages of this type of firm are similar to those of the one-person business. It is a flexible organization which allows a greater degree of specialization than the one-person business. Partners usually specialize in one or more aspects of the business; one may be responsible for buying, one - for selling, one - for production and so on. Since it has greater access to capital, it can achieve greater size than the sole proprietor.

The great disadvantage is the fact that the liability of the partners is unlimited and they are all fully liable for the acts of the other partners. There are, however, some limited to partnerships . In such firms some partners (dormant partners) may have their liability limited to some specified sums, but at least one of the partners must have unlimited liability.

The survival of partnerships depends upon harmonious relationship between a number of people in situations which often give much cause for disagreement.

Thus, where trading risks are very great, the partnership is not a very stable type of organization.

Вопросы к тексту В. Переведите на русский язык и ответьте на данные вопросы?

1. What does this type of organization represent?

2. What is the role of a dormant partner in the management of the business?

3. Does each partner specialize in only one aspect of the business?

4. What is the greatest disadvantage of this type of organization?

5. The partnership is a very stable type of organization, is not it?

8. Составьте реферат текста c на русском языке.

BUSINESS FUNDS

In many ways, money is to business what water is to plants. Plants need water to begin life, to survive and to grow. Similarly, firms need money to begin operation, to meet their day- to- day expenses and to expand. Most of the money used by business comes from the sale of its products and services. Since these funds come from within the firm they are described as internal funds. The rest must come from outside or external sources.

As a firm sells its products or services, it receives money which it uses to meet its expenses, depreciation represents one of these expenses - the cost of replacing assets (like tools, machinery and buildings) that wear out.

Typically, businesses set funds aside in a reserve for depreciation that money will be there when needed.

The funds that remain after paying expenses are a firm's profits or earnings. Although the owners or stockholders could take it all for themselves, in most cases some portion of the profits will be retained by the business. Since its “retained earnings”, along with the sum it set aside for depreciation came within the firm, they are known as internal funds. About 60 to 70 percent of a business firm's financing comes from its internal sources.

Sales do not remain constant from one season, or month or week to the next. There are times when money comes in to a business than it needed to pay its bills. Similarly, at other times there is not enough money coming in to cover operating costs. When this happens, there are only four things that the firm can do: dip into savings, borrow, sell shares of stock (if it is a corporation) seek additional capital from the owners (if it is a partnership or a proprietorship), reduce spending.