Conditions

Conditions can take different forms.

For example:

1 When something must be done before something else may be done (condition precedent). For example, ‘the consent of X bank must be obtained before the terms of this agreement may be implemented.’

2 When the performance of one obligation is linked to the performance of another.

In this context expressions such as provided that, on condition that, or subject to (за умови (якщо) are frequently used.

For example, ‘this agreement may be renewed for a further period of two years subject to X having carried out the duties specified in section 7 to the satisfaction of Y.’

Obligations

In the third person will refers to the future (‘he will go’ means he intends to go) whereas shall indicates an imperative (‘he shall go’ means that he is obliged to go (зобов’язується ).

Therefore, in legal documents drafted in the third person, obligations are often expressed using shall.

Shall is frequently overused to indicate the future. This should be avoided. Must is a good replacement for shall when expressing the imperative: ‘If X becomes a party to this agreement, he shall [must] immediately pay to Y . . .’

_ ‘must’ or ‘shall’ indicates an obligation to do something (‘X must/shall pay the rent’);

_ ‘shall not’ indicates a duty not to do something (‘X shall not pay to Y . . .’); (не повинен)

_ ‘must’ can also be used to indicate a condition precedent (‘in order to qualify for this position, X must . . .’);

_ ‘is not required to’ indicates that there is not duty to do something (‘X is not required to pay Y to use the office premises’).

EXERCISE

Insert the correct word or phrase from the list and insert it into the sentences

below. It may be necessary to use certain of the choices open to you more than once.

(1) The consent of Remington Bank plc (a) be obtained before the share transfer (b) proceed.

(2) The parties intend that this agreement (c) signal the beginning of a long and fruitful cooperation between them.

(3) The Seller (d) deliver the goods to the Buyer no later than 15 September 2009.

(4) It is contemplated that the parties (e) agree to further purchases of Product A in the future.

(5) This information constitutes a business secret. Therefore, the Distributor (f) disclose it to third parties.

(6) Since the firm does not have relevant expertise in that area of law, it (g) handle this case.

(7) We (h) contact the Vendors as soon as we have received the relevant information.

(8) The question of the level of fees to be paid (i) be agreed between the parties and it is possible that performance-related bonuses (j) also form part of the remuneration package.

a. may

b. shall

c. may not

d. cannot

e. must

f. will

ДОМАШНЄ ЗАВДАННЯ НА 20.11.2013

Verbs Frequently Used In Legal Context

Read and memorize the following: to sign	підписувати
to conclude	укладати (договір)
to draw up	складати (документ)
to promote	сприяти; підвищувати (на посаді) ; стимулювати (збут)
to enhance	зміцнювати, підсилювати
to appraise	оцінювати
to provide for	передбачати
to execute	укладати, підписувати (документ)
to enter (into)	укладати (договір), вступати в
to include	включати
to constitute	становити
to extend	надавати (кредит), продовжувати (дію договіру)
to support	підтримувати, забезпечувати
to adjust	коригувати
to collect	збирати, стягувати
to implement	здійснювати, реалізовувати
to purchase	купувати
to repurchase	викуповувати (акції, майно)
to redeem	погашати, викуповувати(акції, цінні папери)
to forfeit	конфісковувати (акції у випадку несплати їх вартості акціонерам)

to certify засвідчувати

to authorize		уповноважувати, санкціонувати, дозволяти
to assign		асигнувати, передавати (вимогу, права, зобов’язання), присвоювати
to wind up/liquidate	ліквідувати (компанію)
to transfer	передавати (права, майно)
to administer	управляти (майном, компанією)