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2. Дайте відповідь на запитання:

1. What consumer items are we surrounded by?

2. What is one of the most important aspects in the part design?

3. How many principal methods of shaping products are there?

4. What is plastic deformation accompanied by?

3. Визначте вірне речення чи невірне згідно змісту тексту.

1. Depending on the end use these materials are rolled, stamped or formed in some other manner to develop the desired shape.

2. There are five principal methods of shaping products.

3. Strength values and ductility are the most sensitive to hot working.

4. The thickness or diameter goes up, the sheet gets longer and the strength goes down.

5. Plastic deformation is accompanied by a marked change in mechanical properties.

4. Перекладіть наступні речення з англійської мови на українську, звертаючи увагу на вживання інфінітиву.

1. These young engineers are likely to take part in our work.

2. He appears to have read a large number of books on this subject.

3. He is said to be a good mathematician.

4. New deposits of oil and gas are expected to be found in the Far North of our country.

5. He is certain to come to the lecture.

5. Перекладіть наступні речення з української мови на англійську, звертаючи увагу на зворот there + be.

1. Коли буде потяг на Київ?

2. Чи є іноземні книги в цій бібліотеці? - Так.

3. Словник на полиці.

4. Я  думаю, що сьогодні увечері  буде гроза.

5. Нікого не було удома, коли я прийшов.

6. Оберіть вірний варіант.

1. When she was packing his things, he… up for a taxi.

a) ringing b) was ringing

c) rings d) ring

2. The summer that year was cool .It often…

a) raining b) rained

c) rain d) rains

3. The house was quiet. The children after a noisy day…

a) are sleeping b) were sleeping

c) sleeping d) have been sleeping

4. The family… a detective film on TV when I entered the room.

a) watch b) watched

c) was watching d) has watched

5. Yesterday they… .

a) working very hard b) very much worked

c) very worked d) worked very hard

7. Утворіть форми Participle I та Participle II від наступних дієслів.

To come

To cost

To cut

To call

To bake

ВАРІАНТ 5

1. Прочитайте та перекладіть українською мовою, перепишіть та письмово перекладіть весь текст.

Gear Production

Gears are turning all over the world. From watches to giant turbines and mining machines, every rolling, crushing, mixing or power-generating system uses gears. However, manufacturing gears is no easy task. Over 200 steps are required to produce this impor­tant component.

The process begins with forging or casting. The blank may be made either of alloy steel or bronze, depending on the application. Nickel, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum are important alloying ele­ments. High wear and fatigue resistance, good machinability and corrosion resistance is the first design creation.

The gear blank is first machined normally on a lathe. After initial machining teeth are generated by any of several methods, depending on the type of gear tooth generation requires shapers, grinders, hobbers and broaching machines. Shaping machines have cutting tools which reciprocate up and down to cut a tooth profile into the gear blank. They produce internal and external spurs and helical spheres. Slotters have cutting tools that rotate synchro­nously with gear blank and cut spurs or helical teeth. Broaching machines cut internal gears but the process tends to be very expen­sive and requires high-volume production for efficient use.

Before or after the teeth are generated the gear may be heat-treated. Heat treatment hardens the gear for longer life and better performance. Hardened gears are used in marine, aerospace and automotive industry.

Grinding is necessary when close dimensional tolerances must be maintained. But grinding to precise tolerances requires special al environmental conditions including vibration, temperature and dust control. This results in a high cost of a part.

The finished gear is to be tested to vibration, noise, load, fatigue and wear resistance.