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2. Дайте відповідь на запитання:

1. What is the classification of iron based on?

2. What is the main strengthening or hardening element in steel?

3. What makes steel brittle?

4. What per cent of carbon does wrought iron contain?

3. Визначте вірне речення чи невірне згідно змісту тексту.

1. All commercial forms of iron chromium-iron alloys.

2. Wrought iron which contains 0/06 per cent of carbon differs greatly in that it has a large amount of slag inclusions.

3. Carbon is the main strengthening or hardening element in steel.

4. Carbon steels can be either cast to shapes or wrought into mill forms from which finished parts are produced.

5. Iron and the large family of iron alloys known as non metals are the most common among the engineering materials.

4. Перекладіть наступні речення з англійської мови на українську, звертаючи увагу на вживання інфінітиву.

1. І heard him mention this professor's name.

2. A lot of people watched the ocean-going ship enter the port.

3. She did not expect me to do it so quickly.

4. He is known to make his report today.

5. This method proved to be a new one.

5. Перекладіть наступні речення з української мови на англійську, звертаючи увагу на зворот there + be.

1.Бібліотека на другому поверсі.

2.У залі було багато народу, коли я увійшов.

3.Радіоприймач на столі біля вікна.

4.На цьому листі немає підпису.

5.В нашій групі вісім студентів.

6. Оберіть вірний варіант.

1. He usually… a newspaper at breakfast.

a) read b) has read

c) reading d) reads

2. He…to the cinema every Sunday.

a) going b) is going

c) go d) goes

3. She usually… in the evening.

a) reading b) is reading

c) reads d) read

4. She… well.

a) sing b) sings

c) singing d) sanging

5. She …a pleasant voice.

a) have b) has

c) had having d) having

7. Утворіть форми Participle I та Participle II від наступних дієслів.

To break

To bring

To build

To finish

To love

ВАРІАНТ 3

1. Рочитайте та перекладіть українською мовою, перепишіть та письмово перекладіть весь текст.

Metalworking

Metalworking is the act of pro­cessing metals from raw stock to achi­eve shape, size and physical form. Mo­re specifically, the term is usually applied to various mechanical means of achieving this purpose, such as cutting rolling pressworking and drawing or the use of plasma, laser or electron beams, etc.

Metalworking equipment may be classed according to the mode of shaping metals: cutting machine tools, shearing and grinding machines, forming machines and other metal removing equipment.

Cutting machine tools are used to finish surfaces, make holes, cut threads, etc. Forming machines perform shearing, forging, stamping, rolling and the like. Metalworking by non-conven­tional processes is used to make small holes, finish surfaces or to machine very hard metals.

Metalworking equipment in gene­ral is in a constant process of impro­ving. Cutting, processing, and handling speeds increase steadily, machines grow more powerful; new machines have been designed and constructed to accept new tool materials and new tooling ideas; automatic control makes them more ef­ficient.

Thus, not only has physical plant equipment been improved, but the methods by which this equipment is ap­plied have changed rapidly. Operation research, programming, cost accounting and other new methods have introduced scientific and mathema­tical thinking into metalworking.

Many of the finest properties of iron can be obtained by the subjection of a metal to heat under controlled conditions in order to produce desired structural changes with the resultant changes in physical properties.

Annealing makes it easier to machine; quenching, on the other hand, makes it very hard and brittle tempering is used. Tempered products are used where extreme hardness is the first design requirement.

The processes described shape both ferrous and non-ferrous metals and each process imparts unique characteristics to the final components. Thus, properties may differ considerably between the cast, rolled, or stamped form of the same material. To use them to the greatest advantage the designer should develop a feeling for capabilities of various processes and their use should be considered for almost every design.