Vocabulary

say to express one’s ideas in words orally
state to say something formally, carefully, clearly and fully
exclaim (formal) to say something loudly and suddenly, as in surprise, strong emotion, or protest
remark to say something that you have just noticed
add to say or write further
blurt out | blunder out to say something suddenly and without thinking, usually because you are nervous or excited

speak | talk to convey one’s ideas in words orally
chat (informal) to talk in a friendly way
chatter to talk quickly, continuously and for a long time, usually about something unimportant

tell | let someone know to give someone information about something
inform to tell someone something, especially formally or officially
notify to tell someone something formally or officially
fill in to tell someone about something that has happened recently
pass on/along/down | hand on to tell someone something that you have been told by someone else
break to tell someone some bad news, especially trying to lessen its negative effect
brief to tell someone everything necessary for them to know about a situation
report to tell someone about what has been happening as part of your job
put someone in the picture to tell someone about something so that they can understand it
keep someone posted to continue telling someone the latest news about something
announce | give out (BrE) (formal) to tell people about something publicly and usually officially
declare to tell people about something publicly and officially
broadcast to tell many people about something

come out to become publicly known, especially after being kept secret
reveal to make something known, especially after being kept secret
disclose to make something publicly known, especially after being kept secret
let out to allow something to become known
leak (out) to allow secret information to become publicly known, especially by sending it to the mass media
leak out | get out (of secret information) to become publicly known, especially through the mass media
filter out to become known gradually and usually unintentionally

Note.

Speak to, talk to and chat to are more usual in British English. Speak with, talk with and chat with are common to both British and American English.
To is preferred when the idea of addressing someone is to be expressed: I’ve often passed him in the street, but I’ve never spoken to him. | The chairman was asked to speak to the meeting. With is used when an exchange of remarks is implied: May I speak with you for a moment? | He spoke with her for an hour.

Stages of a conversation

	= John: Hello, Peter. Nice to see you. I hear you’ve been promoted. Congratulations. Let me tell you…
	= John struck up a conversation with Peter. He began by congratulating him on his promotion. Then he went on to say…

	= The speaker: In conclusion, I’d like to tell you a funny story illustrating the points I made earlier in the lecture…
	= The speaker ended off his speech with an amusing story.

Patterns

began

started

to speak/talk.

speaking/talking.

(his speech/story) with a joke.

(his speech/story) by telling a joke.

a conversation with Peter.

II.

John continued		(to speak/talk). (speaking/talking). (his speech/story). (his conversation with Peter). (with his speech/story).
John carried on		(speaking/talking). (his speech/story). (his conversation with Peter). (with his speech/story).
John kept on	(speaking/talking). (with his speech/story).
John kept	speaking/talking.
John went on	(speaking/talking). (with his speech/story).
John went on	to the next piece of business. to give details of the meeting.

III.

John stopped/left off							talking to Peter. his conversation with Peter.
John finished				talking to Peter. his conversation with Peter.
John	was through got through					with talking to Peter. with his conversation with Peter.
John brought his speech to an end/close/conclusion.
John			ended concluded finished		(his speech) with a joke. by/with telling a joke.
John ended off					his speech with a joke. his speech by telling a joke.
John		concluded wound up			his speech (with a joke). his speech by telling a joke. by declaring that he would resign his post.

IV.

John interrupted				(Peter) while he was talking to Anne. (Peter) to say that he didn’t believe the story.
John intervened to say that he didn’t believe the story.
John cut short the speaker because he had been talking too long.
John cut off		Peter’s remarks/speech/story. the speaker because he had been talking too long.
John	broke in cut in		(very rudely). on them/their conversation.
John broke/cut into their conversation with demands for attention.
John broke off in the middle of a sentence/a funny story.
John broke off			to answer the phone. telling the story to answer the phone.
John put/threw/tossed in a word or two/his remark/his opinion.
John interposed/interjected a few comments at that point.
John interspersed witty remarks throughout his speech.
John’s speech was interspersed with witty remarks/telling examples.

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