Министерство образования Российской Федерации

Сыктывкарский государственный университет

Кафедра английского и французского языков

GEOLOGY

Методические указания по английскому языку

для студентов I курса специальности «Геология»

Сыктывкар 2004

Составители: Канушкина С.Н., Ерастова Ю.В.

ОТ СОСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ

Настоящая методическая разработка предназначена для студентов I курса специальности «Геология».

Цель разработки – идя от простого к сложному, научить студентов читать литературу по тематике, близкой к их будущей специальности и оформлять монологическое высказывание в рамках пройденной тематики.

Тематически разработка охватывает наиболее важные базовые понятия геологической науки. Учебные материалы объединены в 3 блока:

• общая геология,

• минералогия,

• петрология.

Тексты взяты из современной, оригинальной англо-американской научно-технической литературы и обработаны для студентов специальности «Геология».

Комплекс послетекстовых упражнений направлен на отработку лексического минимума, состоящего из общетехнической и общенаучной лексики, на проверку понимания содержания текста и подготовку к монологическому высказыванию по проблеме. Кроме того, блоки содержат творческие задания (кроссворды, головоломки).

Заключительный раздел, Supplement, включает в себя список геологических терминов, встречающихся в текстах с транскрипцией, а также сводную таблицу типов горных пород.

Unit I.

GEOLOGY AND THE IMPORTANCE

OF BEING А GEOLOGIST

Geology is the study of the planet Earth, and is concerned with the origin and development of the Earth, the materials of which it is made up, and with the structure of both the surface and the interior of the planet. Geologists study the processes which act both on and within the Earth, and try to interpret the processes and conditions which operated during the 4,500,000,000 years of the Earth's history. The evolution of the planet has involved а wide range of physical, chemical and biological processes, and thus the geologist must have а broad scientific training.

At the same time, а degree course in geology provides the student with а sound scien­tific background which is of value in many other walks of life. Geology is vitally important to mankind in many ways and it is in the applied aspects of the discipline that many geology graduates find employment.

Many of the Earth's major resources are found in the rocks on or within the Earth. These include mineral resources (such as metals and building materials), energy resources (such as coal, petro­leum and the Earth's heat), and water resources - probably the most important of а11. The geologist has an important role in exploration and production of these resources and in minimizing damage to the envi­ronment.

Other important applications of geology include the predic­tion and mitigation of geological hazards, such as earthquakes, volca­nic eruptions and landslides, and the geologist is an essential member of civil engineering teams involved, for example, in the construction of bridges, dams and tunnels.

The science of geology and its many appli­cations play а major part in the economy of the nations of the world.

Assignments

1. Answer the questions.

1. What is geology?

2. What is geology concerned with?

3. What processes do geologists study?

4. What do geologists try to interpret?

5. Where are the Earth's major resources found?

6. What do the Earth's major resources include?

7. In what do geologists have an important role?

8. What are other important applications of geology?

2. Divide the complex sentences into simple ones.

1. Geology is the study of the planet Earth, and is concerned with the origin and development of the Earth, the materials of which it is made up, and with the structure of both the surface and the interior of the planet.

2. The evolution of the planet has involved а wide range of physical, chemical and biological processes, and thus the geologist must have а broad scientific training.

3. Geology is vitally important to mankind in many ways and it is in the applied aspects of the discipline that many geology graduates find employment.

4. Other important applications of geology include the predic­tion and mitigation of geological hazards, such as earthquakes, volca­nic eruptions and landslides, and the geologist is an essential member of civil engineering teams involved, for example, in the construction of bridges, dams and tunnels.

3. Find Russian equivalents to English words and expressions.

origin interior to operate a sound scientific background a walk of life mankind a graduate petroleum prediction application geological hazards volcanic eruption

предсказание, прогнозирование занятие, профессия происхождение геологические источники опасности выпускник вуза действовать извержение вулкана прочные научные (знания) квалификация внутренняя часть, недра человечество применение нефть

4. Replace the Russian words in the brackets with their English equivalents.

1. Geology is concerned with the (происхождение) and (развитие) of the Earth.

2. (Геологи) try to (толковать) the processes and conditions which (действовать) during the 4,500,000,000 years of the Earth's history.

3. The Earth's (основные ресурсы) are found in the rocks on or within the Earth.

4. The important applications of geology include the (предсказание) and (сведение к минимуму ущерба) of geological (опасности).

5. Geology is concerned with the structure of the (поверхность) and the (недра) of the planet.

6. The major energy recourses are (уголь), (нефть) and the Earth’s heat.

7. The (наука) of geology plays a major part in the economy of the nations of the world.

8. A degree course in geology (обеспечивает) the student with a sound scientific background which is (ценится) in many other (профессии).

9. The geologists has an important role in (исследование) and production of these recourses and minimizing (ущерб) to the (окружающей среде).

10. Geology is (жизненно) important to mankind in many ways.