Television system

The television system is considerably more complex than the sound-broadcasting system.

In a typical television system two separate transmitters are employed one for sound channel and the other for the picture channel.The sound transmitters is frequency-modulated and simultaneously transmits the sound which accompanies the image. Each transmitter has its own antenna.

The image being televised is received by the television camera, which converts the optical image into electrical impulses. There electrical impulses are amplified by the video or picture amplifier. After proper amplification, the video signal modulates the high-frequency carrier of the television transmitter and is radiated info space by the aerial. The picture carrier is amplitude-modulated.

Employ image

accompany carrier

‘modulate frequency-modulated

‘complex separate

Example:

1. How many separate transmitters 1.Two separate transmitters are employed

are employed in a television system? in a television system.

2. How is the picture carrier modulated? 2.The picture carrier is amplitude-

2. By what device is the image received? modulated.

3. The image being televised is received by

the television camera.

EXERCISES

A

Choose the proper word and put it into the blank space:

1. One tranmitter is … for the 1. employed, modulated

image channel,the other -for 2. amplitude-modulated,

the sound channel. frequency-modulated

2. The sound transmitter is … 3. converts, accompanies

2. The sound- transmitter trans- 4. frequency-modulated,

mits the sound which … the amplitude-modulated

image.

4. The picture carrier is …

B

Put questions to the answers given in the right-hand column:

1. What two channels … ? 1. A television system possesses

1. What … ? a sound chanel and a picture

1. By what means … ? channel.

1. What device … ? 2. The sound accompanies the

image.

3. The optical image is converted

Info electrical impulses by

the television camera.

4. The aerial radiates the video

signal info space.

C

Answer the following questions:

1. Which system is more complex –the television or the sound-broadcasting system?

1. What transmitters are employed in a television system?

1. By what device are electrical impulses amplified?

1. What is the function of the aerial?

Glossary

English	Russian	Kazakh
A sound	звук	дыбыс
device	устроиство	құрал
transmitter	передатчик	тасымалдаушы
employ	работать	жұмыс істеу
amplify	усилить	күшейту
image	изображение	бейне

SIW: Write an essay about the systems of television

SIWT: Retell the text

Literature:

1.Orlovskaya I.V.”English”-Moskow-2007

2.Raymond Murphy”Essential Grammar i

Lesson-22

Grammar:Quantifiers

Use too,too much,too many to say more than is good.

Use too+an adjective

Use toomuch+uncountable nouns

Use too many+countable nouns

Use enough before noun

Use enough after an adjective

Use a little/very little and a few/very few to talk about small quantities

Use a little/very little with uncountable nouns and a few/very few with countable nouns

A complete with something,anything, nothing,etc.

Did you meet anybody last night?

1. Are you doing ______ tonight?

1. _____ phoned when you were out. He said he’d call back later.

1. I’ve seen your car keys______ but I can’t remember where.

1. Did ______ come while I was out?

1. Did you go ______ exciting last night?

1. I’ve bought you____ for your birthday.

1. I knocked at the door but _____ answered.

1. We went shopping but we didn’t buy ______.

B. Answer with Nobody, Nowhere, or Nothing.

1 what did you do last night? ________

2 where did you go yesterday? ______

3 who did you see? ________

c. Answer the questions in b with a full sentence.

1 I didn’t do _________________

2 __________________________

3___________________________

Grammar test

1.We use too with_____________

A)adjective b)noun c)verb d)adverb

2.We use too much+

a) uncountable nouns b) countable nouns c) adjective d)adverb

3.We use enough before___________

a)a verb b)a noun c)a number d)an adjective

4) We use enough after________

a) a verb b)a noun c)a number d)an adjective

5.We use a little with__________

a) uncountable nouns b) countable nouns c) adjective d)adverb

Glossary

English	Russian	Kazakh
enough	достаточно	жеткілікті
few	мало	аз
adverb	наречие	үстеу

SIW

Write a summary about your lifestyle

SIWT

English File s.b.p.90-91,ex.1-4

Literature:

English File by Clive Oxenden

Pre-Intermediate

Oxford UneversityPress,1997

Lesson-23

Television

The television set is evidently the most important and popular electronic product of all time. All homes in developed countries have one or more TV sets and in many countries there are considerably more TV sets than telephones.

But in 1939 at the World’s Fair in New York a tine nine-by twelve inch box was the first to see a television set in action. Compared to today’s TV shows of underwater and outer-space research, those first black-white pictures were not very good. The pictures were only transmitted from one side of the Fair territory to the other. But in 1939 they were of historical importance.

Within a few days the news of television spread throughout the world. A lot of people wanted to have a look¹ at the new invention. Everyone was interested in it. But only few people owned gets in the next few years. When World War II broke out² electronic factories that began the TV production stopped making them and started making war materials instead. When the war was over, TV gets began coming off factory assembly lines. By 1958 there were millions of them.

In a surprisingly short time people watched fewer films and from newspapers and magazines to TV. In its short history television has had great influence on people’s life and way of thinking. Rocket-launching, concerts and football and tennis matches be seen direct as they occur. The boundaries of time and space disappeared.

At present TV communication is provided with the help of a system of artificial earth satellites so that people living in different time are able to watch the central TV programs at the most hours.

Then we saw how a new technical invention, color television, was rapidly replacing black-and-white television. Recently it was reported that the first pocket-size³ color television set had been developed. It was stated that a liquid-crystal display⁴ was used similar to those on calculators and watches and that it weighed less than a pound.

A few years ago it became evident that the next major advance for TV would be digital television. In a digital system the usual continuous signal is replaced by a digital code containing detailed information on brightness, color, etc. A digital TV set hangs on the wall like a picture. Essentially, it is a minicomputer with a visual display. Once a week⁵ you put the programs you like into the memory, and the TV set will automatically switch on the desired channel at the right time. You can watch several programs simultaneously on miniscreens and then produce one of them in full for mat. Also, the TV set can automatically video-record the programs when you are absent or occupied.

By the end of 1980s television has moved to a new and the most important stage in its development since the appearance of color television. Technically it is called high-definition television (HDTV) ⁶ or Hi-Vision. This is the much higher resolution television⁷ of the 21^st century. This revolution was started by Japanese manufacturers when they developed a new video system with a picture resembling a wide-screen film more than traditional television. The new system increases the screen`s width-to-height ratio⁸ (16:9). The result is a picture several times sharper than in the existing TV sets. Besides, recent developments in plasma display panel technology⁹ make HDTV commercially practicable. The plasma display makes it possible to produce a large, bright, color, flat TV screen so thin and light that it can also be hung on a wall like a framed picture. The engineering problem that has existed almost since the first days of television may be solved now.

Notes to the Text

1. to have a look – взглянуть, посмотреть

1. to broke out – начаться, разразиться

2. pocket-size – карманный

3. liquid-crystal display – устройство изображения на жидких кристаллах

4. Once a week – раз в неделю

5. high-definition television (HDTV) – телевидение высокой четкости

6. high resolution television – телевидение с большим разрешением

7. width-to-height ratio – отношение ширины к высоте

8. plasma display panel technology – производство плазменных панелей

Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствует содержанию текста .

1. A lot of people television sets in the first years after its invention. 2. First television black-and-white pictures were excellent. 3. Only few people owned television sets in the next few years after their appearance. 4. Black-and-white television was rapidly replacing color television. 5. First television black-and-white pictures were not very good. 6. Only a few years ago color television was rapidly replacing Black-and-white television. 7. When the war was over, TV sets stopped coming off factory assembly lines. 8. After World War II TV sets began coming off factory assembly lines.

Прочитайте и укажите способы присоединения придаточных дополнительных предложений к главному.

1. It was reported in 1939 that the first TV set was shown at the World Fair in New York. 2. The student wanted to know whether color television sets were produced at that plan. 3. After the war when the mass production of TV sets began, people realized they wanted to have a TV sets at home. 4. Experiments proved that electricity could travel instantly over a long piece of wire. 5. Can you tell me whether satellites are used for telephone communication? 6. It became clear television had a great influence on people`s life.

Questions

1. When did the first TV set appear?

2. When did a tiny nine by – twelve inch box appeared?

3. Were people interested in the new invention?

4. Why was the TV production stopped in 1940?

5. What is cable television?

6. When did TV sets begin coming off factory assembly lines?

7. When did cable television appeared?

8. Who invented HDTV?

. 9. What is high-definition television?

10. What inventions were by the end of 1980?

Test

1. First TV appeared in _____

1) 1969 2) 1939 3) 1979 4)1989

2. During world war II factories began to make _____

1) Electronics 2) war materials 3) clothes 4) medicines

3. Cable television first appeared in ______

1)1939 2) 1969 c) 1949 d) 1954

4. HDTV is the much higher resolution television of the ____ centaury

1) 21^st 2) 20^th 3) 19^th 4) 14^th

5. ______ so thin and light.

SIW

Exercises-16,18,22 p.70-71 Orlovskaya I.V.”English”

SIWT

Retelling the text

Literature: 1.Orlovskaya I.V.”English”-Moscow-2007

2.Raymond Murphy ”Essential Grammar in Use”

3.Tsvetkova I.C.”Topics”

Lesson-24, 25

1.Suffixes: -er/ -or; -ant/ -ent:

Verb + - er/ -or = Noun

To teach -, -teacher –

To regulate – regulator –

To lecture – lecturer, to speak – speaker, to invent – inventor , to generate – generator, to transform – transformer , to indicate – indicator, to compute – computer;

Suffixes : -ant/ -ent;

Verb + - ant/ -ent = Adjective

To excel - - excellent –

Important , efficient, distant ,evident ,confident, resent;

2.Negative Prefixes un-/im;

Questionable - unquestionable -

Material – immaterial , limited – unlimited, important – unimportant, usual – unusual, natural –unnatural, necessary – unnecessary, known – unknown , qualified – unqualified, changing – unchanging, seen -unseen , possible – impossible, perfect – imperfect personal –impersonal, mobile – immobile.

3Put the missing words:

Noun	Verb	Adjective
inventor		inventive
	transform
		generator
Pollution
	Effect
variety
	possible
		economical
replacement

4. Read and translate these international words:

Electricity, civilization, economic and social progress, transformer, universal, electrometallurgy, cable, specific, machine, photocopying machine, radar, Paris, generator, battery, lamp, dynamo, indicator, nation, energy, service, laser, compact.

5. Find here Nouns and Verbs , translate them:

That electricity is clean and easily – regulated is its great advantage. The important fact is that electricity offers improved service at reduced cost. That the two scientists Lodygyn and Vablochkove were the first in Russia to work in the field of electrical engineering is well – known. |One of the main advantages of electricity is that is does not pollute the environment. |The indicator of nation development is how much electricity is consumed per capita. \What has been and is being done in environment protection cannot be measured by yesterday’s standards.

Text: Electricity.

It is impossible to imagine our civilization without: economic and social

progress will be turned to the past and daily lives completely transformed.

Electrical power has become universal. |Thousands of application of electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electrometallurgy are longstanding and unquestionable.

With the appearance of the electrical motor, power cables replaced transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys in the, 19-th century workshops. |And in the home a whole range of various time and lab our saving appliances have become a part of our everyday lives.

Other devices are based on specific properties of electricity: electrostatics in the case of photocopying machine and electromagnetism in the case of radar and television. These applications have made electricity most widely.

The fist industrial application was in the silver workshops in Paris. The generator – a new compact source of electricity – was also developed there. The generator replaced the batteries and other devices that had been used before.

Electronic lighting came into wide use at the end of the last century with the development of the electric lamp by Thomas \Edison. |Then the transformed was invented, the first electric lines and networks were set up, dynamos and indication motors were designed.

Since the beginning of the 20^th century the successful development of electricity has begun throughout the industrial world. The consumption of electricity has doubled every ten years.

Today consumption of electricity per capita is an indicator of the state of development and economic health of a nation. Electricity has replaced other sources of energy as it has been realized that is offers improved service and reduced cost.

One of the greatest advantages of electricity is that it is clean, easily – regulated and generates no byproducts. |Applications of electricity now cover all fields of human activity from house washing machines to the latest laser devices. Electricity is the efficient source of some the most recent technological advances such as the laser and electron beams. Truly electricity provides mankind with the energy of the future.

Notes to the Text

transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys – трансмиссионные валы, зубчатые колёса, ремни и блоки

time and lab our saving appliances - электроприборы, экономящие время и труд

induction motors – индукционные моторы

per capita – на человека, на душу населения

by – products – побочные продукты

truly – поистине

Answer the questions:

1 What is this text about?

2 What industrial applications of electricity do you know?

3 What home applications of electricity do you know?

4 Where was the generator developed?

5 Who invented the electric lamp?

6 Do you know who invented the dynamo?

7 Can you imagine our life without electricity? Why?

Speak about:

1 electricity – its nature, history and development.

2 applications of electricity cover all fields of human acticitivity.

Glossary

Design	жобалау	конструировать, проектировать
Generate	жасап шығару	вырабатывать, конструировать
Invent	Ойлап табу	изобретать
Property	мүлік меншік	свойство
Recent	жақында	недавний, последний
Reduce	қысқарту	уменьшать, снижать
Replace	айырбастау	заменять

S.I.W

Translate the text.

Learn by heart new words

SIWT

Retell the text

Literature:

1.“English учебник английского языка”-И.В.Орловская

2.English- Russian dictionary

Lesson-26

Suffix: - ible, - able

-ible	-able
If the root is not a complete word, add -ible. aud + ible = audible Examples:  visible  horrible  terrible  possible  edible  eligible  incredible  permissible	If the root is a complete word, add -able. accept + able = acceptable Examples:  fashionable  laughable  suitable  dependable  comfortable If the root is a complete word ending in -e, drop the final -e and add -able. excuse - e+ able = excusable Examples:  advisable  desirable  valuable  debatable

Exercise:

Write ‘A’ or ‘I’ in the following blanks:

(Answers on the next page)

1)poss _ ble 2)imagin _ ble 3)inelig _ ble 4)accept _ ble 5)cred _ ble 6)intellig _ ble

7) profit _ ble 8)access _ ble 9)inconsider _ ble 10)compar _ ble 11)vis _ ble

12)impractic _ ble 13)respons _ ble 14)avoid _ ble 15)indispens _ ble 16)depend _ ble

17)indel _ ble 18)incompat _ ble 19)desir _ ble 20)illeg _ ble 21)inflamm _ ble

22)prob _ ble 23)ined _ ble

Prefix dis-

The prefix dis- is a derivational morpheme which can be attached to verbs to form new verbs. This prefix has several meanings but its basic meaning is ‘not’ Prefix            Base               Derived word          Meaning                      (Verb)            (Verb) dis-               agree              disagree                   ‘not agree’ dis-               allow               disallow                   ‘refuse to allow’ dis-               appear            disappear                 ‘be seen no more’ dis-               believe           disbelieve                ‘refuse to believe’ dis-               like                 dislike                      ‘not like’ dis-               close               disclose                   ‘allow to be seen’ dis-               connect          disconnect               ‘take apart’ dis-               continue         discontinue              ‘give up’ dis-               obey               disobey                    ‘not obey’ Based on the examples above, the rule of the prefix dis- attached to verbs can be stated as: {dis-}+ VERB --> new VERB. The new verb is indicated by the change of meaning. In this case, the prefix dis- brings the basic meaning ‘not’ to the verb. The prefix dis- can be attached to nouns to form new nouns. The following are the examples. Prefix        Base                 Derived word          Meaning                  (Noun)              (Noun) dis-           advantage         disadvantage            ‘unfavorable condition’ dis-           comfort            discomfort                ‘absence of comfort’ dis-           harmony           disharmony               ‘lack of harmony’ dis-           honor               dishonor                   ‘absence of honor’ Based on the examples above, the rule of the prefix dis- attached to nouns can be stated as: {dis-}+ NOUN --> new NOUN. The new noun is indicated by the change of meaning. In this case, the prefix dis- brings the basic meaning ‘not’ to the noun. The prefix dis- can also be attached to adjectives to form new adjectives. The examples are as follows: Prefix             Base                   Derived word           Meaning                        (Adjective)       (Adjective) dis-                 able                    disable                      ‘make unable to do something’ dis-                 honest                dishonest                   ‘not honest’ dis-                 similar                dissimilar                    ‘not similar’

Glossary

English	Russian	Kazakh
advantage honest similar unfavorable	преимущество честный похожий неудобный	жетістік әділ ұқсас жайсыз

SIW

Find and write 10 words adjectives with prefixes

SIWT

p.176.ex-8,12

Literature:

.Orlovskaya I.V.”English”-Mosсow-2007

2.Raymond Murphy”Essential Grammar in Use”

3.John Eastwood”Oxford practice grammar”

Lesson-27 ,28

Text: A great citizen of the world.

Every day many people visited Thomas A. Edison’s laboratories in Orange, New Jersey. Some of them were young inventors who went to study, but many more of them were tourists. They came from all parts of US and from other countries as well.

One day a very important citizen from England visited Edison’s factories, taking with him his young son, eight years old. They spend many hours in great workshops, looking at hundreds of useful inventions.

Before leaving the laboratories the man went to the office of the main building. Giving his card to the person in charge, he asked:

“May I speak to Mr. Edison, please?” The man looked at the card and then answered: “Wait a minute, I’ll see”. Soon he returned and said: “Come this way, please. Mr. Edison will see you.

The father and his son went into the great inventor’s workroom. “Mr. Edison”, said the Englishman, “I brother my young son here to see what the world’s greatest citizen has done. I want this day to help him all his life. Will you please shake hands with him and say something that he will remember?”

Mr. Edison took the boy’s hand. He laid his other hand on the child’s shoulder and looked into his eyes. “My boy”, he said, “don’t watch the clock”.

In 1928 Mr. Edison was eighty- one years old, but he still worked sixteen hours a day.

Text: Solar light by night.

Most people living in towns consider it a usual thing that streets are lit at night. But streets lights need power supply therefore distant areas with no sours of electricity remain in darkness until the sun comes up again.

With new appliances now offer by several British firms, many distant places could be lit with solar-powered street lights. It may seem strange that the lamps can use the power of the sun which shines by day when the lamps are needed at night, but they work by using energy accumulated during the day from a solar panel. The solar panel produces electricity which charges a battery. When the sun does goes down, the battery power is then used for lighting. Each lamp has its own panel so the system can be used for one individual light or a number of them.

In the of Saudi Arabia a motorway tunnel miles from any power supply is lit day and night by solar-powered devices. The solar panels provide power during the day and charge butteries which accumulate enough power to light the tunnel at night. The generation of electricity by butteries is still expensive but the advantage of sun-powered lamps is that they can bring light to areas distant from any other power supply.

There is one more advantage of solar power: not only limited, but also its use does not pollute the environment. That is why it is very important to developed devices which make it possible to transform solar power into mechanical or electric forms of power.

Text: Non-traditional Renewable Sources of Energy

It is known that much is being done in the world today for the development of non-traditional sources of energy. Without them the Earth cannot support its present population of 5 billon people and probably 8 billon people in the 21^st century.

Now we are using traditional power sources, that is, oil, natural gas, coal and water power with the consumption of more than 50 billon barrels per year. It is evident that these sources are not unlimited.

That is why it is so important to use such renewable sources of energy as the sun, wind, geothermal energy and others. Research is being carried out in these fields.

One of the most promising research is the development of power stations with direct transformation of solar energy into electricity on the basis of photo-effect. It was Russia that was the first in the world to develop and test a photoelectric battery of 32,000 volts and effective area of only 0.5 sq.m., which made it possible to concentrate solar radiation. This idea is now being intensively developed in many countries.

However, the efficiency of solar power stations is considerably reduced because of the limited time of its work during the year. But it is possible to improve the efficiency of solar power stations by developing different combinations of solar power stations by developing different combinations of solar power stations and traditional ones-thermal, atomic and hydraulic. Today some engineers are working at the problem of developing electric power station s with the use of a thermal-chemical cycle. It will operate on products of the transformation of solar energy, whereas the “solar” chemical reactor uses CO2 and water steam of the thermal power station. The result is that we have a closed cycle.

In Kamchatka there are geothermal power stations operating on hot water- steam mixture from the depths of about a kilometer. In some projects water will be heated by the warms of mountains at a depth of four- five km.

It is paneled that plants working on the energy of the solar heat provided by the sun will be built on a large scale. That different wind energy plants are being developed is also well-known. These energy plants can be small (of several kilowatts) and large powerful systems.

It is important that all these advances in developing new sources of energy and improving the old ones help to solve the energy problem as a whole and they do not have negative effects on the environment.